Arnav Jain | The whimsical thoughts of a simple being.

Firefox - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 20 Oct 2025 06:30:00 +0200

This pages collects my tips and tricks for the changes I usually do to customise my Firefox.

Custom search engines

Firefox allows you to easily add and manage custom search engines. This can be useful if you frequently use a specific search engine that is not included by default. You can add custom search engines in the Search Settings page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:preferences#search.
Scroll down to the Search Shortcuts section.
You can add a custom search engine by clicking on Add and entering the search engine’s name, keyword, and URL with %s as a placeholder for the search query.
Click Add to save the custom search engine.

If the Add button is not available, you can enable it by setting the following key in the Advanced Configuration page:

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following key to True to enable the Add button:
- browser.urlbar.update2.engineAliasRefresh
Close tab

Container Tabs

Firefox supports container tabs, which allow you to separate your browsing activities into different contexts. This can be useful for managing work and personal browsing, for example. You can enable and configure container tabs in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following keys to True to enable container tabs:
- privacy.userContext.enabled
- privacy.userContext.ui.enabled
Close tab

Desktop Notifications

See this post on how to enable the desktop notification in Firefox.

Hardware media keys

For some devices I want the media keys should control the media application and not the webbrowser. FireFox can be configured to ignore the media keys input from the keyboard in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following key to False to disable hardware media keys:
- media.hardwaremediakeys.enabled
Close tab
A restart of the browser may be needed.

Open bookmarks in new tab by default

By default, when clicking a bookmark in Firefox, it opens in the current tab. If you prefer to have bookmarks open in a new tab by default, you can change this behavior in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following key to True to enable opening bookmarks in a new tab:
- browser.tabs.loadBookmarksInTabs
Close tab

When using my laptop I use the touchpad to scroll around the webpage. I most cases this means scrolling up and down, sometimes this also means scrolling side to side.

Firefox includes this overscrolling gesture that if you are at the very left of the webpage and scroll further left, the browser will instead navigate to previous page, and respectively to right page if you try to scroll right instead.

This can be disabled in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following keys to False to disable the overscroll gesture:
- browser.gesture.swipe.left
- browser.gesture.swipe.right
Close tab

Saving link by ALT+Click

Sometimes it is practical so save links to files without having them opened with any other programs or the webbrowser. FireFox supports saving a link by ALT+clicking the link. This setting can be enabled in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following key to True to enable saving links by ALT+clicking:
- browser.altClickSave
Close tab

Spelling and Grammar check

Firefox includes a spelling and grammar check feature. Sometimes a bug occurs that this feature must be re-enabled in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following keys to 1 or 2:
- layout.spellcheckDefault
If need be, install the following dictionary extension from the Firefox Add-ons page:
- Swedish
- English (UK)

Windows taskbar icons for profiles

Normally, multiple Firefox profiles share the same taskbar icon in Windows. To enable a Firefox profile to have its own taskbar icon in Windows, you need make changes in the Advanced Configuration page.

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:profile.
Launch the profile you want to have its own taskbar icon.
In this profile, navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set the following key to True to enable a separate taskbar icon for this profile:
- taskbar.grouping.useprofile
Restart Firefox profile to apply the changes.

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Git - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 11:58:03 +0200

This pages collects my tips and tricks for challanges with git that I often encounter. These are mainly tested on Git for Windows.

Clone repository including submodules

Normally git clone does not also clone any submodules (i.e. git repositories within the git repository) when cloning. This behaviour can be changed using the --recursive flag¹.

git clone --recursive $repo

Download submodules manually

If you already have cloned the parent repository, you can still clone the submodules manually².

git clone $repo
cd $repo
git submodule update --init --recursive

Add git username/email to a specific project

Sometimes I might need to have a seperate username or email when comitting a specific project, rather than the global username / email. This can be setup in the git settings for the project using the --local flag.

git config --local user.name "Arnav Jain"
git config --local user.email example@arnav.jain.se

Line Endings when using WSL

Sometimes when I edit files in both Windows and in WSL, whole files are shown as changed in git, due to the way line endings work. For me, specifying how git should deal with line endings makes this a more seamless experiences.

git config --global core.autocrlf input
git config --global core.eol lf

Source: StackOverflow ^[return]
Source: StackOverflow ^[return]

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Installing PycURL on Windows (2025 version)

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 23 Jan 2025 09:00:00 +0100

This is an updated version to this older post. The unoffical binaries linked in the older post are no longer available.

I recently attempted to install PycURL library on my Windows 10 Python installation, with various challenges.

Running the usual pip install pycurl command gave me the following output:

> pip install pycurl
Collecting pycurl
  Using cached pycurl-7.45.1.tar.gz (233 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  ╰─> [5 lines of output]
        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) > LooseVersion("1.0.1"):
        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) < LooseVersion("1.0.3"):
      [end of output]
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

Searching the web led me to these installation instructions: There are currently no official binary Windows packages. You can build PycURL from source or use third-party binary packages.

Searching a little bit more on the web for pycurl binary Windows packages led me to this GitHub thread, linking to these CI artefacts.

Find the the appropriate pycurl release version, and then appropriate python version for you. At the time of writing pycurl 7.45.4 is the latest version, and I’m running python 3.9 in my current environment. A .zip file containing a .whl file is downloaded.

Install using pip install «whl-filepath»

C:\Temp>pip install pycurl-7.45.4-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Processing c:\temp\pycurl-7.45.4-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Successfully installed pycurl-7.45.4

If you get the following error, you have the wrong version for your environment:

C:\Temp>pip install pycurl-7.45.4-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl

ERROR: pycurl-7.45.4-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

A solution to this issue may be found in this stackoverflow thread:

> pip debug --verbose
WARNING: This command is only meant for debugging. Do not use this with automation for parsing and getting these details, since the output and options of this command may change without notice.
pip version: pip 22.3.1 from /.../
/.../
Compatible tags: 36
  cp310-cp310-win_amd64
  cp310-abi3-win_amd64
  cp310-none-win_amd64
  cp39-abi3-win_amd64
  cp38-abi3-win_amd64
  cp37-abi3-win_amd64
  cp36-abi3-win_amd64
  cp35-abi3-win_amd64
  cp34-abi3-win_amd64
  cp33-abi3-win_amd64
  cp32-abi3-win_amd64
  py310-none-win_amd64
/.../

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BalenaOS - Changing Hostname

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 09:00:00 +0100

If you are using Balena Cloud to manage your IoT devices, you will most likely run into the requirement to change the hostname of the device. This can be done in multiple ways, in the alternatives below, I am assuming you are running Balena OS on a SBC such as Raspberry Pi where the boot media is a SD card.

Editing `config.json` on SD card

This option is easiest way to change the hostname, but this requires physical access to the device and its’ boot media. This can be done both before first boot and after first boot.

Take out the SD card and insert it into a computer. If you are using a Windows device, only the /boot partition will show, which is fine.
Open the config.json file.
If the hostname key exists, update the value, otherwise the following at the end of the file, before the last }:
, "hostname": «newhostname»
Re-insert the SD card and boot device,
The new hostname should now be active.

Changing hostname using Cloud API

This option does not require any special tools except curl, but I have only been able to get this working on a non-windows client (due to issues with quotes).

Find the full uuid of your device.
1. One option is using balena-cli: balena device list
2. Another option is to navigate to the device page on dashboard. The uuid is in the web address: https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/devices/«uuid»
Find and copy your session token in the dashboard

On a non-windows host, run the following command, replacing the values in the first three lines:

UUID=uuid_of_device
TOKEN=session_token
HOSTNAME=new_hostname

curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" \
--header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
--data "{\"uuid\": \"$UUID\", \"method\": \"PATCH\", \"data\": {\"network\": {\"hostname\": \"$HOSTNAME\"}}}" \
"https://api.balena-cloud.com/supervisor/v1/device/host-config"

Reboot device, and the new hostname should now be active.

Editing `config.json` on the device

This option requires the following:

balena-cli installed and signed in
ssh access to device

Setup to ssh into the device:
1. Download, install and sign into balena-cli.
2. Add your clients public ssh to your Balena account. See this post for creating a ssh key.
3. Run balena device list.
4. Find the uuid of your device, both the short and long uuid works.
Run balena device ssh «uuid». You should now be connected to the host.
Re-mount the boot partition as rw: mount -o remount,rw /mnt/boot.
Take a backup using cat /mnt/boot/config.json
Check if the key hostname already exists in config.json
Open the config.json file in vi: vi /mnt/boot/config.json
If the hostname key exists, update the value, otherwise the following at the end of the file, before the last }:
, "hostname": «newhostname»
To save and exit vi:
1. Press Esc to enter command mode.
2. Type :wq to write and quit the file.
Doublecheck that the edit was successful by running cat /mnt/boot/config.json.
If everything looks good, finish by rebooting the device.
The new hostname should now be active.

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Rclone: Connect to shared OneDrive Folders

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 20:28:05 +0200

I use the rclone software a lot to syncronise my files across different remote sources, such as OneDrive, GDrive, SFTP, etc.

One issue I have encountered is that if somebody shares a folder with me, rclone is currently unable to connect to this folder if I haven’t added the folder as a link to my OneDrive root. For some folder this is fine, in that case I can connect to this folder as any other folder. Some folders I do not want to my OneDrive root, but still want to access them.

There is a workaround for this.

Setup your OneDrive remote as usual.
Open your rclone.conf file, and copy the access_token for your remote. This will be a very long string. Only copy access_token, do not copy copy token_type or any other tags.
Make a request using curl to the https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/sharedWithMe endpoint from the Microsoft Graph API using your access token copied from the previous step, and save it to file output.json
```
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: bearer «access_token»" 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/sharedWithMe' > output.json
```
If you have lots of files shared, then this file will be pretty big. Find the item you want added, and find the id in the path «item» > remoteItem > createdBy > user > id
Copy your OneDrive new entry in the rclone.conf file. Give it an appropriate name. Replace the drive_id with the id you copied in the previous step
Test this new entry is working.

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Disable Navigation Pill in Samsung One UI 6.1

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 10 Jul 2024 13:45:07 +0200

Recently my Samsung S22 device was updated to Samsung One UI 6.1. One of the changes that occurred was that the navigation pill (the horizontal line at the bottom of the screen) re-appeared.

Navigation Pill in the bottom of the screen

To disable this, we previously used to go to Settings → Display → Navigation bar → More options. There used to be a Gesture hint toggle, which is no longer available in this version of One UI.

We have two ways to hide this navigation pill, either in the UI, or by using Tasker.

Gesture hint is missing in options for Navigation bar

UI Toggle

This is now available in Samsung Good Lock application, in the NavStar module.

In NavStar, enable Enable extra gesture settings toggle, to restore the additional options in Settings., there you can now disable the Gesture hint toggle to hide the navigation pill.

In NavStar, enable the toggle to get back the removed options.

Additional options available, with navigation pill visible.

Additional options available, with navigation pill hidden.

Tasker

In Tasker we can create a task to disable this gesture hint.

Create a new Task with name Hide Gesture hint with the Action:

Category: Settings
Action Custom Setting
Type: Global
Name: navigation_bar_gesture_hint
Value: 0

Note, there is no requirement for Good Lock or NavStar to use this option.

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Excel - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 13 Jun 2024 09:15:15 +0200

This page collects my tips and tricks for Excel, mainly formulas but also customisation and other things.

Note: Microsoft has different versions of Excel, most of these tips and tricks assume you are on the latest version Excel for Microsoft 365. You can check requirement for each function by going to the Microsoft documentation linked.

Concatenation

Text

You can join text strings together using the CONCAT function.

If you want to join an array of text strings together, with a defined delimiter between each of the elements without having to define the delimiter each time, you can use TEXTJOIN instead.

=CONCAT(text1, [text2],…)
=TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], …)

Arrays

You can also join (dynamic) arrays together using the VSTACK or HSTACK functions. VSTACK concatenates the arrays together row wise, whereas HSTACK concatenates column wise.

=VSTACK(array1,[array2],…)
=HSTACK(array1,[array2],…)

Note: You can also add values to these functions if you want to concatenate a value to the beginning or end of an array)

=VSTACK(Value1, array1, …)
=HSTACK(Value1, array1, …)

Dynamic array formulas

There are some functions that were introduced a couple of years ago that can create arrays dynamically, depending on what the source data is. This can be useful to filter and transform data.

See also Microsoft Documentation for more detailed information.

Filtering data

The FILTER function is a powerful function, but it can be a bit difficult to understand, specially the include argument.

=FILTER(array,include,[if_empty])

Example data (Headers are not part out outputs):

Type	Brand	Model
Aeroplane	Airbus	A320
Aeroplane	Boeing	B787
Car	Toyota	Corolla
Car	Volvo	V60
Car	Volvo	V70
Truck	Volvo	FH16
Truck	Volvo	FMX

Filtering can be on the same set of data. Let us filter out all rows where the Type is Car and then let us filter out all rows where the Brand is Volvo:

=FILTER(Table1,Table1[Type]="Car")
=FILTER(Table1,Table1[Brand]="Volvo")

Type	Brand	Model
Car	Toyota	Corolla
Car	Volvo	V60
Car	Volvo	V70

Type	Brand	Model
Car	Volvo	V60
Car	Volvo	V70
Truck	Volvo	FH16
Truck	Volvo	FMX

You can also add multiple filters with Boolean expressions. Let us filter out all rows where the Type is Car and where the Brand is Volvo. This uses an AND operator, which is defined by a multiplication, *.

=FILTER(Table1,(Table1[Type]="Car")*(Table1[Brand]="Volvo"))

Type	Brand	Model
Car	Volvo	V60
Car	Volvo	V70

We can also change this to an OR operator, which is defined by an addition, +.

=FILTER(Table1,(Table1[Type]="Truck")+(Table1[Brand]="Toyota"))

Type	Brand	Model
Car	Toyota	Corolla
Truck	Volvo	FH16
Truck	Volvo	FMX

Filtering can be on a separate set of data, assuming the data has the same form. Let us filter out all models which are Aeroplanes:

=FILTER(Table1[Model],Table1[Type]="Aeroplane")

Model
A320
B787

Sometimes you want to filter and sort many rows of data, which does not always fall into nice tables, then you might be using a whole column (e.g. =B:B) as the source array. Often this ends up including a 0 in the list, as Excel most often considers an empty cell to have the value 0 when processing data. We can use the FILTER function together with the LET function to create a function to remove 0 values, without repeating calculation the source data multiple times.

=UNIQUE(B:B)
=FILTER(UNIQUE(B:B),UNIQUE(B:B)<>0)
=LET(src,UNIQUE(B:B),FILTER(src,src<>0))

Sorting

If you need to sort your arrays, the two functions SORT and SORTBY will help you. SORT will sort the array based on the contents of the array being sorted, whereas SORTBY will sort the array based on another array.

=SORT(array,[sort_index],[sort_order],[by_col])
=SORTBY(array, by_array1, [sort_order1], [by_array2, sort_order2],…)

Remove Duplicates

If you need to remove duplicates from an array the UNIQUE will do that for you.

=UNIQUE(array,[by_col],[exactly_once])

Generating numbers

Random numbers

If you need a random number, the two functions RAND and RANDARRAY can help you. Both functions generate new numbers whenever you re-calculate your worksheet.

The RAND function gives you a random number between [0, 1).

The RANDARRAY function also gives you a random number between [0, 1), but if you provide arguments you can specify if you want an array of number instead of a single number, and your minimum and maximum values, as well as if you want a decimal number or whole number.

=RAND()
=RANDARRAY([rows],[columns],[min],[max],[whole_number])

Sequential numbers

If you need to generate sequential numbers, the SEQUENCE function is the function to use. You can generate the sequence row wise (default) or column wise. If you have both row wise and column wise, the function will fill each row (column wise), before continuing (spilling over) to the next row.

=SEQUENCE(rows,[columns],[start],[step])

Formula Variables

Sometimes in a formula you might need to perform a complicated function multiple times e.g. combining a filter with an IF. This can make the formula long and difficult to read, as well as make the Excel sheet slow. The LET function exists for this purpose; you assign it a name¹, define the function, and then you can re-use the value of the function multiple times in the formula.

=LET(name1, name_value1, calculation_or_name2, [name_value2, calculation_or_name3…])

If you need to assign name to multiple functions, you do not need to nest LET functions. ^[return]

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Remote Desktop User Without Password

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 11:41:01 +0200

On one of my windows devices that I like to use is only has a local account, which is password less. Normally this is not allowed why trying to remote into this de-vice, as the following error will appear.

Error trying to login using a blank password

There is a very simple fix to this error by making a registry change.

Note: This requires changes in the registry and therefore requires administrator access.

Open Registry Editor

Navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa

Set the LimitBlankPasswordUse DWORD (32-bit) to value 0

The change should become active immediately.

If you wish to run a cmd command, you can run the following:

REG ADD HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa /v LimitBlankPasswordUse /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f

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Microsoft PowerToys

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:24:24 +0200

On my Windows devices I have started using Microsoft PowerToys. PowerToys is a collection of different useful utilities. Below is a list of which utilities I use and how I have set them up. There are other tools available in the PowerToys collection, the list below is just the ones I regularly find useful. Note, that most of the descriptions below are copied from the documentation.

Color Picker

🪟+⬆️+🇨 Color Picker is a system-wide colour picking utility. Pick colours from anywhere on the screen, the picker automatically copies the colour to your clip-board in a set format.

File Locksmith

File Locksmith is a Windows shell extension to check which files are in use and by which processes.

Mouse Utilities

Find My Mouse

CTRL CTRL Activate a spotlight that focuses on the cursor’s position.

Mouse Highlighter

🪟+⬆️+🇭 Display visual indicators when the left or right mouse buttons are clicked. This is useful when screen sharing to show other persons what you clicked on.

Mouse Pointer Crosshairs

🪟+⬆️+🇴 Mouse Pointer Crosshairs draws crosshairs centered on the mouse point-er. This is useful when screen sharing to show other persons where your mouse is, especially if you have a really big screen.

Image Resizer

Image Resizer is a Windows Shell extension for quickly resizing images. With a right click from File Explorer, instantly resize one or many images.

Paste As Plain Text

CTRL+⬆️+🇻 Paste As Plain Text allows you to paste text from your clipboard, ex-cluding text-formatting.

Peek

CTRL+SPACE Peek allows you to preview file content without the need to open mul-tiple applications or interrupt your workflow.

PowerRename

Use PowerRename to perform bulk renaming; searching and replacing file names. It includes advanced features, such as using regular expressions, targeting specific file types, previewing expected results, and the ability to undo changes.

Screen Ruler

🪟+⬆️+🇷 Use Screen Ruler to quickly measure pixels on your screen based with image edge detection.

Text Extractor

🪟+🇹Text Extractor is a convenient way to copy text from anywhere on your screen.

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ALT Code for Windows

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 08 Nov 2023 07:54:58 +0100

In Windows there is a option to insert some symbols such as ☺☻ or ♥♦♣♠ or ♪♫ or ↑↓←→ using just the Numpad on a keyboard. This is done by holding down the ALT key and pressing the corresponding number on the Numpad.

The smily ☺ is inserted by holding down the ALT key and pressing 1 and then releasing the ALT key.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	☺	☻	♥	♦	♣	♠	•	◘	○	◙
1x	♂	♀	♪	♫	☼	►	◄	↕	‼	¶
2x	§	▬	↨	↑	↓	→	←	∟	↔	▲
3x	▼		!	“	#	$	%	&	‘	(
4x	)	*	+	,	-	.	/	0	1	2
5x	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<
6x	=	>	?	@	A	B	C	D	E	F
7x	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
8x	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z
9x	[	\	]	^	_	`	a	b	c	d
10x	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
11x	o	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x
12x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	⌂	Ç	ü	é
13x	â	ä	à	å	ç	ê	ë	è	ï	î
14x	ì	Ä	Å	É	æ	Æ	ô	ö	ò	û
15x	ù	ÿ	Ö	Ü	¢	£	¥	₧	ƒ	á
16x	í	ó	ú	ñ	Ñ	ª	º	¿	⌐	¬
17x	½	¼	¡	«	»	░	▒	▓	│	┤
18x	╡	╢	╖	╕	╣	║	╗	╝	╜	╛
19x	┐	└	┴	┬	├	─	┼	╞	╟	╚
20x	╔	╩	╦	╠	═	╬	╧	╨	╤	╥
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
21x	╙	╘	╒	╓	╫	╪	┘	┌	█	▄
22x	▌	▐	▀	α	ß	Γ	π	Σ	σ	µ
23x	τ	Φ	Θ	Ω	δ	∞	φ	ε	∩	≡
24x	±	≥	≤	⌠	⌡	÷	≈	°	∙	⋅
25x	√	ⁿ	²	■

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Installing Windows Subsystem for Android on Windows 11

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 28 Aug 2023 19:43:12 +0200

I wanted to install Windows Subsystem for Android on my Windows 11 computer, but since I am not living in one of the supported contries, the easy installation method by installing the Amazon Appstore is not available to me.

Amazon Appstore not available in my region

Installing Windows Subsystem for Android

After searching and testing a couple of different methods, I have come to find that the installation method using winget is the second most convenient. This is as simple as running the following command:

winget install --id=9P3395VX91NR -e --accept-package-agreements

You will need to accept the license and allow the UAC prompt to continue.

Installation ongoing

Installing Amazon Appstore

Similarly to above, we can also install the Amazon Appstore:

winget install --id=9NJHK44TTKSX -e --accept-package-agreements

Amazon Appstore after successful installation

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Office Keyboard Key

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 03 Aug 2023 10:20:34 +0200

Some new keyboard include an “Office key”. This key is mapped on Windows 10 with May 2019 update applied (version 1903¹) or later. Pressing the office key will open the Office application, if installed, otherwise opens the default browser and navigates to Office.com. The office key can also be combined with other keys such as Office + W to open Microsoft Word, or Office + X to open Microsoft Excel. The full list of supported combinations can by found on this support page by Microsoft.

If you have an older keyboard, the Office key can be emulated by pressing CTRL + SHIFT + WIN + ALT. That means opening Microsoft Word can be accomplished by pressing CTRL + SHIFT + WIN + ALT + W.

I don’t have a use for the office application (i.e. when pressing just the Office key), and found a way to remap this to open the downloads folder.

REG ADD HKCU\Software\Classes\ms-officeapp\Shell\Open\Command /t REG_SZ /d %userprofile%\Downloads\

Note: This path can be changed to any arbitrary path or application, for example Windows Explorer.

REG ADD HKCU\Software\Classes\ms-officeapp\Shell\Open\Command /t REG_SZ /d explorer

Other shortcuts

Other notable shortcuts are:

Shortcut	Action
`🅾️ + O`	Open/Activate Outlook
`🅾️ + T`	Open/Activate Teams
`🅾️ + N`	Open/Activate OneNote
`🅾️ + W`	Open new Word
`🅾️ + X`	Open new Excel
`🅾️ + P`	Open new PowerPoint

Note: 🅾️ represents the Office key or the keyboard combination CTRL + SHIFT + WIN + ALT.

See this support page by Microsoft. ^[return]

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Fixing bad owner or permissions on SSH config file

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 03 Aug 2023 09:42:47 +0200

Recently I was trying to connect to an ssh server and received the following error:

Bad owner or permissions on ~/.ssh/config

Navigating to the folder ~/.ssh/ and checking the permissions of the file (ls -la config) shows the following:

$ ls -la config
-rw-rw-rw- 1 1000 1000 1390 Jul 31 22:08 config

The issue is either bad owner or bad permissions.

Bad permission

In our case above we have the wrong permissions, this can be fixed by running the following command:

chmod 644 config

Checking the permissions again gives us the following result:

$ ls -la config
-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000 1390 Jul 31 22:08 config

Bad owner

In our case above also we have a bad owner, this can be fixed by running the following command:

chown root:root config

Checking the permissions again gives us the following result:

$ ls -la config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1390 Jul 31 22:08 config

Note: I have set the permission to the user root above, change username as required.

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XnView - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 25 Jun 2023 09:01:12 +0200

This pages collects my tips and tricks for the changes I usually do to customise my XnView.

Interface

Tools → Settings → Interface

Keyboard Shortcuts [Tab]

Browser Shortcuts

Command	Keyboard Shortcut
`cmd_tagInvert`	Space
`cmd_tag`	P
`cmd_untag`	X

Viewer Shortcuts

Command	Keyboard Shortcut
`cmd_tag`	P
`cmd_untag`	X

Browser → File List

Tools → Settings → Browser → File List

File list [Tab]

Check Folder always sorted alphabetically
Check Select first item on entering folder

Browser → Metadata

Tools → Settings → Browser → Metadata

ITPC and XMP [Tab]

Check Export Catalog's Category to XMP Subject and ITPC Keyword
Check Create XMP Data
Check Export rating in XMP metadata
Check Export colour label in XMP metadata
Check Write comment in XMP

Sidecar [Tab]

Select Yes for all file types
Check Update or create XMP Sidecar

Labels [Tab]

Set Label and Write as the Name from table below

Colour	Name
Red	Store Only
Yellow	HDR
Green	Publish
Blue	Panorama
Purple	Temp

View

Tools → Settings → View

Info [Tab]

{File Index} - {Filename}
{EXIF:Date Taken} {EXIF:Shutter Speed}s {EXIF:Aperture} {EXIF:Focal Length 35mm}mm
{EXIF:Make} / {EXIF:Model} - {Format}
{Width}x{Height} - {Size KB} KB
✔{Tag status} ⭐[{Rating nb}] ⚫[{Color label}]

Check Always view in fullscreen

Integration

Tools → Settings → Integration

Integration [Tab]

Check Add 'Browse with XnViewMP' to context menu

Paths [Tab]

Set the following to the option Program (XnView)

XnView Settings (first select Use .ini file in folder)
Folder for Catalog (.db)
Folder for other files

Set the following to the option User (system)

Folder from Thumbnails Database

Companion/Sidecar Files

Enable companion files

XnView MP supports what is traditionally known as Sidecar files, these are referred to Companion files in the program.

To hide the companion files:

Tools → Settings → Browser → File List → File List tab

Uncheck Show companion files
Check Companion files linked for delete action
Check Companion files linked for copy/move/rename action

You may need to restart the application for the changes to take effect.

Set JPG file as master

In most of my cameras I take photos in RAW format. Together with the RAW file (e.g. dng, cr2, orf) a JPG file is saved. After copying the files to my computer when I am doing my initial culling to remove the bad photos, I like to review using the JPG file rather than the RAW file. This can be configured in XnView MP.

To set JPG as master and RAW as companion files:

Tools → Settings → Browser → File List → File List tab → Companion Files

Create the following table:

Master extension	Companion (separated by ;)
*	{ext}.xmp;xmp
jpg	dng;orf;cr2
{raw}	lmnr;pp3;on1;fp1
jpg	exf

You may need to restart the application for the changes to take effect.

This can be easier set by editing the xnview.ini file. In the [Companion] section edit the list to the following:

[Companion]
list="@Variant(\0\0\0\v\0\0\0\x2\0\0\0\x2\0*\0\0\0\x1a\0{\0\x65\0x\0t\0}\0.\0x\0m\0p\0;\0x\0m\0p)", "@Variant(\0\0\0\v\0\0\0\x2\0\0\0\x6\0j\0p\0g\0\0\0\x16\0\x64\0n\0g\0;\0o\0r\0\x66\0;\0\x63\0r\0\x32)", "@Variant(\0\0\0\v\0\0\0\x2\0\0\0\n\0{\0r\0\x61\0w\0}\0\0\0 \0l\0m\0n\0r\0;\0p\0p\0\x33\0;\0o\0n\0\x31\0;\0\x66\0p\0\x31)", @Variant(\0\0\0\v\0\0\0\x2\0\0\0\x6\0j\0p\0g\0\0\0\x6\0\x65\0x\0\x66)

Custom Toolbars

I like to customize the toolbar, both to rearrange icons, but also add some of my own icons.

Customising the toolbar

This can be most simple achieved by downloading the custom toolbar configuration. This file also includes some custom icons which are sourced from the Material Design Icons pro-ject:

cmd_updateDB: Icon | Source
cmd_updateFiles: Icon | Source
cmd_rebuildThumb: Icon | Source

Note: you will need to change each line above to point to the path of the icon file.

The simplest way to add XnView MP to the context menu of folders with the option Open in XnView MP is to add it to the registry, see my GitHub repository for the .reg files.

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Exposing SSH Using Cloudflare Tunnel

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 09:16:17 +0200

I described in a previous post how to expose a webserver using a Cloudflare Argo Tunnel. This post is a continuation of the previous post, and now we will look at exposing SSH access using the same tunnel we configured previously.

Pre-requisites

Server side:
- A Cloudflare Argo Tunnel setup and running
- SSH Server setup and running
Client side
- Cloudflare Tunnel client installed and available in path
SSH connection setup and running between server and client

Configuring the Cloudflare tunnel

Our previous configuration file config.yml looked like the following:

ingress:
  - hostname: nginx.bit0.se
    service: http://localhost:8888
  - service: http_status:404

We will now add another service configuration in the middle:

  - hostname: nginx.bit0.se
    path: /ssh/*
    service: ssh://localhost:22

The final file then looks like following:

ingress:
  - hostname: nginx.bit0.se
    service: http://localhost:8888
  - hostname: nginx.bit0.se
    path: /ssh/*
    service: ssh://localhost:22
  - service: http_status:404

Next step is to restart the cloudflare tunnel, so the new configuration is applied.

Connecting to the host

Connecting to the host over ssh is done by adding in a ProxyCommand option:

ssh -o ProxyCommand="cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h/ssh/" username@nginx.bit0.se

Setting up ssh `config` file

We can also setup the same configuration in the ssh config file:

host remote-ssh
    user username
    hostname nginx.bit0.se
    proxycommand cloudflared access ssh --hostname %h/ssh/

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Android 10: Enable Gesture Navigation

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 17 Jun 2023 17:26:36 +0200

On one phone of mine that is running Android 10, I installed Nova Launcher since I like the things I can customise. One thing that unfortunately happened after setting Nova as my Launcher/Home application, is that I lost the Gesture Navigation, and was reverted back to the standard 3-button navigation.

To my dismay, in Android 10, only 2-button navigation or 3-button navigation is available when using a 3rd party Launcher/Home application. This and the background are also mentioned in the help pages of Nova Launcher.

Fortunately, there is a way to activate the Gesture Navigation by the use of Android Debug Bridge (ADB). This requires you have ADB installed and a connection authorised.

Enable gestures

adb shell cmd overlay enable com.android.internal.systemui.navbar.gestural

Disable gestures

adb shell cmd overlay disable com.android.internal.systemui.navbar.gestural

Source - Gadget Hacks

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Windows 10: Change Name of Network

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 07 May 2023 12:01:55 +0200

I like to use the Network Name to differentiate where my computer is for different batch scripts and automated tasks.

Sometimes the network name is set to Network, Network 2 or something similar, which makes it difficult to differentiate.

To rename the network, we need to edit the registry.

Open the Registry Editor
Navigate to the key: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList\Profiles
In the subfolders to this key, select the profile you wish to rename. The profile name can be found in the String ProfileName
Edit ProfileName
Edit the value to your desired new name.

Source: WinBuzzer

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Outlook - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 05 Apr 2023 11:40:39 +0200

This pages collects my tips and tricks for the changes I usually do to customise my Outlook.

In the newer versions of Outlook the navigation pane (with the Mail/Calendar/Contacts) buttons are in the left hand side of the Windows. I like the old version with the navigation pane below the folder pane. This behaviour can be changed in a setting in the following location:

File > Options > Advanced > Uncheck Show Apps in Outlook

Show week numbers in the calendar view

In Sweden week numbers and weekdays are often used to used in lieu of using the date. I am able to show these in the different calendar view in Outlook by setting it up in the following place:

File > Options > Calendar

Setup calendar according to ISO 8601

Section Work Time

For First day of the week > Select Monday
For First week of the year > Select First 4-day week

Show weeks

Section Display Options

Check Show week numbers in the month view and in the Date Navigator

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RRS 42 changes affected by Class Rules

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 04 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0200

This pages summarises changes of RRS 42 or RRS P by the Class Rules. Each section below links to the source from where the Class Rules document was obtained (usually World Sailing) and which revision of the Class Rules was used. The date for the post shown above is the date this page was latest revised.

Classes without changes
- 2.4mR
- ILCA (Laser)
- IQ Foil
- J80
- Optimist
- RS Feva
- RS Tera
Classes with changes
- 29er
- 49er
- 49erFX
- 470
- Europe
- Finn
- J70
- Moth
- OK Dinghy
- RS Aero
- Zoom8
Changelog

Classes without changes

2.4mR

Source | Revision 2022-11-15

ILCA (Laser)

Source | Revision 2022-02-13

IQ Foil

Source | Revision 2022-04-01

J80

Source | Revision Revision 2018-01-29

Optimist

Source | Revision 2023-03-20

RS Feva

Source | Revision 2019-07-08

RS Tera

Source | Revision 2014-10-01

Classes with changes

29er

Source | Revision 2022-04-01

Class Rule C.1.1 (b) applies.

C.1.1 (b)
If the wind is consistently 10 knots or above, measured at deck level, the Race Committee may signal in accordance with RRS Appendix P5 that “pumping, rocking an ooching” are permitted. This changes RRS 42.2(a), RRS 42.2(b) and RRS 42.2(c)

49er

Source | Revision 2022-04-01

Class Rule C.1.1 (a) applies.

C.1.1 (a)
RRS 42 shall apply as amended below:
RRS 42.3 is changed as follows
j. A boat may be sculled if the sculling does not propel the boat in any direction.

49erFX

Source | Revision 2022-04-01

Class Rule C.1.1 (a) applies.

C.1.1 (a)
RRS 42 shall apply as amended below:
RRS 42.3 is changed as follows
j. A boat may be sculled if the sculling does not propel the boat in any direction.

470

Source | Revision 2023-01-01

Class Rule C.1.1 (a) (1) applies.

C.1.1 (a)(1)
If the average wind speed is clearly over 10 knots across the course the race committee may signal in accordance with RRS Appendix P5 that pumping, rocking and ooching are permitted. This changes rules RRS 42.2(a), RRS 42.2(b), RRS 42.2(c).

Europe

Source | Revision 2015-12-01

Class Rule 4.2 applies.

4.2 (a)
The Race Committee may permit pumping, rocking and ooching, after the starting signal and except on a beat to windward (change of RRS 42.2(a), RRS 42.2(b), RRS 42.2(c)). The signals will be made according to RRS P5.

4.2 (b)
The Europe Class recommends that race committees apply Rule 4.2(a) in winds of 12 knots and above, measured at deck level.

Finn

Source | Revision 2023-02-21

Class Rules C.1.1 (1) and C.1.1 (2) applies.

C.1.1 (1)
RRS 42.3 is changed by adding: The Race Committee may signal in accordance with RRS Appendix P5 that pumping, rocking and ooching are permitted after the starting signal, except when the boat’s proper course is close-hauled or above. This changes rules 42.2(a), 42.2(b) and 42.2(c).

C.1.1 (2)
The Finn Class recommends that race committees apply Rule C.1.1 (1) in winds of 10 knots and above, measured at deck level on a race committee boat at the windward mark. See also A.6.2.

A.6.2
The Notice of Race or Sailing Instructions may state a higher recommended windspeed of 12 kts for rule C.1.1(2).

J70

Source | Revision 2022-09-23

Class Rule C.1.1 (b) applies.

C.1.1 (b)
RRS 42.3(c) is modified to read “When surfing (rapidly accelerating down the front of a wave) or planing is possible, the main and jib may be pulled in only once for each wave or gust of wind, but the gennaker sheet may be played without restriction.”

Moth

Source | Revision 2017-05-01

Class Rules 12.1 applies.

12.1
RRS 42.3(c) is amended to read:
When surfing (rapidly accelerating down a wave), foiling (sailing with the hull clear of the water due to the effect of hydrofoils) or planing is possible, the boat’s crew may pump the sail in order to initiate surfing, foiling or planing, but only twice for each wave or gust of wind or twice just after having completed a tack or a gybe. Rapid and/or repetitive body movements that exert force upon the hull for the specific purpose of promoting foiling or pumping of the sail are prohibited

OK Dinghy

Source | Revision 2022-02-01

Class Rule C.1.1 applies.

C.1.1
Add to Rule 42.3 (c):
(1) this shall be done with the mainsheet turning through at least three blocks between the boom and the crew, such that the system creates a minimum purchase of three to one. The final block shall be securely fastened in the cockpit area.

RS Aero

Source | Revision 2022-05-25

Class Rule C.1.1 (c) applies.

C.1.1 (c)
RRS 42.2 is changed by adding: “Where stipulated in the SI, if the average wind speed is clearly over 10 knots across the course the race committee may signal in accordance with RRS Appendix P5 that pumping, rocking and ooching are permitted, except (i) prior to the start, and (ii) when the boat is on a leg of the course designated in the SI as a windward leg.” this changes RRS 42.2(a), RRS 42.2(b), RRS 42.2(c).

Zoom8

Source | Revision 2015-05-08

Class Rule C.1 applies.

C.1
In alteration to RRS 42:

The race committee may permit pumping, rocking and ooching, after the starting signal and except on a beat to windward (change of RRS 42.2(a), RRS 42.2(b), RRS 42.2(c)). The signals will be made according to RRS P5.
The International Zoom8 Class Association recommends that race committees apply Rule C.1.(1) in winds of 12 knots and above, measured at deck level.

Changelog

2022-09-23
- Initial version
2023-04-04 (No changes)
- 2022-11-15 / 2.4mR
- 2023-01-01 / 470
- 2023-01-01 / ILCA
- 2023-01-01 / Finn
- 2023-03-20 / Optimist

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Automatically Sync KeePass to Local Folder

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 26 Feb 2023 17:15:04 +0100

I use OneDrive to sync my KeePass database sync to different computers. I usually have the current setup:

The original copy of the database file in my OneDrive (monitored/synced) folder.
A local copy of the database file on my local disk, which is not synced by OneDrive.

My KeePass application uses the local copy of the database file as it’s working copy. This means that I need to sync the local copy with the copy in the OneDrive monitored folder. This is accomplished using Triggers (see also my previous post).

Trigger

Open up Tools → Triggers.
Check Enable trigger system.
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
In the Name field, enter a fitting name, such as Sync DB 1.
Ensure to check Enabled and Initially on.

Event

Change to Events tab
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the event Saved database file.
Set File/URL - Comparision to Equals
Set File/URL - Comparision to the filepath to the local copy, e.g. C:\Local\Path\Database.kdbx
Press OK.

Actions

Change to Actions tab
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the action Change trigger to on/off state
Leave Trigger name empty
Set New state to Off
Press OK.
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the action Synchronize active database with a file/URL
Set File/URL to the filepath to the synced copy, e.g. C:\OneDrive\Path\Database.kdbx
Leave I/O Connection - User Name empty
Leave I/O Connection - Password empty
Press OK.
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the action Change trigger to on/off state
Leave Trigger name empty
Set New state to On
Press OK.
Press Finish.

Final

Repeat steps 3 – 29 above for other databases you wish to open.
Press OK.
Upon saving of the databases specified in step 10, the database should automatically synchronise.

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Samsung Dex - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 03 Jan 2023 10:40:13 +0100

This pages collects my tips and tricks for when I use Samsung Dex.

Hiding SwiftKey keyboard suggestions

Hiding SwiftKey keyboard suggestions

For me one major issue has been that SwiftKey is always showing suggestions for whatever I am typing using the physical keyboard.

SwiftKey is always showing suggestions

This behaviour can be modified in Settings: > Samsung DeX > Keyboard > On-screen keyboard location > TV or Monitor

Now the display will be left of when you start typing in DeX.

Change the setting to 'TV or Monitor'

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OneNote - Tips and Tricks

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:40:13 +0100

This pages collects my tips and tricks for the changes I usually do to customise my OneNote Desktop.

Setting up the Quick Notes section

I like to have all my quick notes save to a specific location independently of which computer I’m using. This location can be customised in the following location: File > Options > Save & Backup > Select Quick Notes Section > Modify > Select

Changing the location of the Quick Notes section

Remove link when pasting from the web

When pasting, the default Paste (Ctrl + V) behaviour is to include a link to the source webpage from where the text was copied.

Default Paste with link to source

This functionality of including the link can be changed in the following location: File > Options > Advanced > Uncheck Include link to source when pasting from the Web > Ok

Disabling link to source webpage

The same text pasted in as above then looks like this:

Paste without link to source

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Installing PycURL on Windows

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 03 Dec 2022 10:17:30 +0100

Notice: If you arrive to this page in 2025 or later, please check out this updated guide.

I recently attempted to install PycURL library on my Windows 10 Python installation, with various challenges.

Running the usual pip install pycurl command gave me the following output:

> pip install pycurl
Collecting pycurl
  Using cached pycurl-7.45.1.tar.gz (233 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  ╰─> [5 lines of output]
        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) > LooseVersion("1.0.1"):
        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) < LooseVersion("1.0.3"):
      [end of output]
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

Searching the web led me to these installation instructions: There are currently no official binary Windows packages. You can build PycURL from source or use third-party binary packages.

Searching a little bit more on the web for official binary Windows packages led me to this stackoverflow thread, linking to these unofficial binaries.

I tried downloading and installing the topmost result (pycurl-7.45.1-pp38-pypy38_pp73-win_amd64.whl) without success.

> pip install "T:\pycurl-7.45.1-pp38-pypy38_pp73-win_amd64.whl"
ERROR: pycurl-7.45.1-pp38-pypy38_pp73-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

A solution to this issue may be found in this stackoverflow thread:

> pip debug --verbose
WARNING: This command is only meant for debugging. Do not use this with automation for parsing and getting these details, since the output and options of this command may change without notice.
pip version: pip 22.3.1 from /.../
/.../
Compatible tags: 36
  cp310-cp310-win_amd64
  cp310-abi3-win_amd64
  cp310-none-win_amd64
  cp39-abi3-win_amd64
  cp38-abi3-win_amd64
  cp37-abi3-win_amd64
  cp36-abi3-win_amd64
  cp35-abi3-win_amd64
  cp34-abi3-win_amd64
  cp33-abi3-win_amd64
  cp32-abi3-win_amd64
  py310-none-win_amd64
/.../

Finding a compatible Python version and architecture led me to finally having a successful installation of PycURL.

> pip install "T:\pycurl-7.45.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl"
Processing t:\pycurl-7.45.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Successfully installed pycurl-7.45.1

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Norrtull - Arlanda

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 29 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Norrtull Södergående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Norrtull Norrgående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Eugenia tunneln | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Södra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Frösunda | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Frösunda Syd | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Tureberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rotebro | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Bredden | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Glädjen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Wäsby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rosersberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Märsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Arlanda | Riktning: Mot Arlanda

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Playing Music Through a Windows PC

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 10:43:14 +0200

Sometimes I want to listen to something on my phone, but I am unable to connect to an external speaker, where as my PC is connected to an external speaker. The A2DP Sink profile bluetooth got introduced in Windows 10 version 2004. This is the same profile that bluetooth headphones uses to receive audio from your devices. The challenge is that while you can pair your phone to you Windows PC, the PC will not automatically start receiving and playing the audio. Enter Bluetooth Audio Receiver.

Note: This procedure could also be used to connect one PC to another PC, not just Phone to PC

Pair your phone to you PC

These are quite generic instructions for pairing a device, more detailed instructions with pictures can be found in many places around the internet.

Open Windows Settings (WIN + I)
Enter Devices
Ensure you phone (in my case, an Android) is visible for bluetooth devices
Select Add Bluetooth or other device
Select Bluetooth
Wait for the list to populate
Select your device
Ensure the same pin shows on your PC and your phone
Select Connect
If required, select Pair on your phone
Select Done

Install application

These are quite generic instructions for installing an application from Microsoft Store, more detailed instructions with pictures can be found in many places around the internet.

Navigate to the store listing for Bluetooth Audio Receiver in your web browser
Select Get in Store app
Wait for the Windows Store to open and load the listing.
Select Get or Install
Wait for installation to be completed.

Connecting your phone

Open the installed application
Select your phone
Select Open Connection
The status text at the top of the window will show [] Connected
Any audio playing on your phone will sound through your PC speakers

Disconnecting your phone

If you wish to disconnect PC from your phone to resume playing audio through your phone speakers you can achieve this either by closing the application or selecting Close Connection.

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Enabling Firefox Desktop Notification

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 22 Aug 2022 18:46:42 +0200

All modern web browsers support notification functionality to show web/push notifications sent by websites or extensions. Some web browsers also support showing this notification using the Windows 10 native notification system (Action Center). I finally discovered how to enable this in the Firefox web browser.

The default built-in notification toast

Open Mozilla Firefox and navigate to the address about:config.
Accept the warning if required.
Set alerts.useSystemBackend to True, either by double clicking or pressing the toggle button.

Enjoy the desktop notifications.

The Windows 10 notification toast

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About Me

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 01 Aug 2022 00:00:00 +0100

Having an immense interest in the idea of flight I studied Aeronautical Engineering in Västerås, Sweden. A few years later I studied Embedded Systems as a masters program in Uppsala, Sweden. I am working within the field of aviation.

In my free time I love sailing in the summers and skiing in the winters. My other hobbies are photographing and sportsclimbing.

There are a couple ways to come in contact with me, you can either use the contact form below.

Contact me

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Alingsås - Göteborg

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

E20
- Alingsås
- Göteborg

E20

Alingsås

Alingsås - Götarondellen NO | Riktning: Mot Stockolm

Alingsås - Götarondellen SV | Riktning: Mot Göteborg

Alingsås - Svearondellen NO | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Alingsås - Svearondellen SV | Riktning: Mot Göteborg

Göteborg

Hulan | Riktning: Göteborg

Hulan Sandbäck Ö | Riktning: Örebro

Hulan Sandbäck V | Riktning: Göteborg

Jerikotunneln Östra Ö | Riktning: Örebro

Jerikotunneln Östra V | Riktning: Göteborg

Jerikobacken | Riktning: Örebro

Jonseredsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Skulltorpsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Skulltorpsmotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Partillemotet | Riktning: Örebro

Partillemotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Partille Alum | Riktning: Örebro

Partille Alum | Riktning: Göteborg

Sävedalen | Riktning: Örebro

Sävedalen | Riktning: Göteborg

Torpamotet | Riktning: Örebro

Torpamotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Munkebäcksmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Munkebäcksmotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: City

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: Hisingen

Olskroksmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Olskroksmotet | Riktning: City

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Frösunda - Arlanda

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Tureberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rotebro | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Bredden | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Glädjen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Wäsby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rosersberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Märsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Arlanda | Riktning: Mot Arlanda

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Frösunda - Kungsängen

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kymlinge NÖ | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kista | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ärvinge | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rinkeby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Hjulsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Barkarby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Jakobsberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kalhäll | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stäket | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kungsängen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

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Norrtull - Frösunda

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Norrtull Södergående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Norrtull Norrgående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Eugenia tunneln | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Södra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Frösunda | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Frösunda Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

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Stockholm - Göteborg

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

E4

Stockholm

Norrtull Södergående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Norrtull Norrgående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Eugenia tunneln | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Södra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Frösunda | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

E18

Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kymlinge NÖ | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kista | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ärvinge | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rinkeby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Hjulsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Barkarby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Jakobsberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kalhäll | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stäket | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kungsängen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Västerås

Ullundatunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Ullundatunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

Frösvitunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Frösvitunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

E20

Alingsås

Alingsås - Götarondellen NO | Riktning: Mot Stockolm

Alingsås - Götarondellen SV | Riktning: Mot Göteborg

Alingsås - Svearondellen NO | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Alingsås - Svearondellen SV | Riktning: Mot Göteborg

Göteborg

Hulan | Riktning: Göteborg

Hulan Sandbäck Ö | Riktning: Örebro

Hulan Sandbäck V | Riktning: Göteborg

Jerikotunneln Östra Ö | Riktning: Örebro

Jerikotunneln Östra V | Riktning: Göteborg

Jerikobacken | Riktning: Örebro

Jonseredsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Skulltorpsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Skulltorpsmotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Partillemotet | Riktning: Örebro

Partillemotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Partille Alum | Riktning: Örebro

Partille Alum | Riktning: Göteborg

Sävedalen | Riktning: Örebro

Sävedalen | Riktning: Göteborg

Torpamotet | Riktning: Örebro

Torpamotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Munkebäcksmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Munkebäcksmotet | Riktning: Göteborg

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: City

Ånäsmotet | Riktning: Hisingen

Olskroksmotet | Riktning: Örebro

Olskroksmotet | Riktning: City

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Stockholm - Västerås

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

E4
- Stockholm
E18
- Stockholm
- Västerås

This page is the reverse of this page.

E4

Stockholm

Norrtull Södergående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Norrtull Norrgående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Eugenia tunneln | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Södra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Frösunda | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

E18

Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kymlinge NÖ | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kista | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ärvinge | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rinkeby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Hjulsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Barkarby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Jakobsberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kalhäll | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stäket | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kungsängen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Västerås

Ullundatunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Ullundatunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

Frösvitunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Frösvitunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

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Universitet - Frösunda

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Lilla Frescati | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Frescati | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Naturhistoriska | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ekhagen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ålkistan S | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ålkistan N | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Bergshamra | Riktning: Järva Krog

Kungshamra | Riktning: Järva Krog

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

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Västerås - Stockholm

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +0000

E18
- Västerås
- Stockholm
E4
- Stockholm

This page is the reverse of this page.

E18

Västerås

Frösvitunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

Frösvitunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Ullundatunneln V | Riktning: Mot Västerås

Ullundatunneln Ö | Riktning: Mot Enköping

Stockholm

Kungsängen | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stäket | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kalhäll | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Jakobsberg | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Barkarby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Hjulsta | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Rinkeby | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Ärvinge | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kista | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Kymlinge NÖ | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Silverdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

E4

Stockholm

Ulriksdal | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Järva Krog | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Försunda Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Stora Frösunda | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Norra Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Nord | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Linvävartorpet Söder | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Haga Södra | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Eugenia tunneln | Riktning: Mot Stockholm

Norrtull Norrgående | Riktning: Mot Solna

Norrtull Södergående | Riktning: Mot Solna

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Exposing a Webserver Using Cloudflare Tunnel

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 04 Feb 2022 12:13:15 +0100

As part of some migrations I wanted to in part remove VPN requirement and in part use Cloudflare for authentication. I will be using Cloudflare Tunnel combined with Cloudflare Access¹. We will start by setting up an simple nginx server, expose it to the web using Cloudflare Tunnel, and finally add authentication in front using Cloudflare Access¹.

Pre-requisites

Having an environment with docker
Following docker images will be used:
- nginx
- cloudflare/cloudflared
Having a domain name setup with Cloudflare

Setting up a webserver

A simple nginx webserver can be up and running using the following command:

docker run --rm -p 8888:80 nginx

Navigate to http://localhost:8888/ to ensure the webserver is running and is able to serve data.

Setting upp Cloudflare Tunnel

Using Cloudflare Tunnel we will now expose the previously created webserver to the domain https://nginx.bit0.se/

My working folder for mounting the docker volume will be W:\cf.

Authorising the Cloudflare daemon

We start of by authorising the container access to manage the Cloudflare domain (i.e. giving api access for domain):

docker run --rm -it -v \workingfolder:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel login

This will show a link. Open the link in your web browser, sign into your Cloudflare dashboard, and select the domain you wish to use. In my case the selected domain will be bit0.se. A popup will show confirming the authorization, select Authorize.

> docker run --rm -it -v W:\cf:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel login
Please open the following URL and log in with your Cloudflare account:

https://dash.cloudflare.com/argotunnel?callback=https%3A%2F%2Flogin.cloudflareaccess.org%2F4tpxSBnxxxxxxxxxyLr_xCKxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxJhE%3D

Leave cloudflared running to download the cert automatically.
2022-01-30T11:28:02Z INF Waiting for login...
You have successfully logged in.
If you wish to copy your credentials to a server, they have been saved to:
/home/nonroot/.cloudflared/cert.pem

Creating the tunnel

Next step is to create the tunnel and give it its’ name²:

docker run --rm -it -v \workingfolder:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel create <name>

> docker run --rm -it -v W:\cf:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel create example
Tunnel credentials written to /home/nonroot/.cloudflared/8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02.json. cloudflared chose this file based on where your origin certificate was found. Keep this file secret. To revoke these credentials, delete the tunnel.

Created tunnel example with id 8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02

Note the id³ of the tunnel above, as this will be used later to configure the tunnel.

If we have multiple tunnels, we can also list available tunnels:

docker run --rm -it -v \workingfolder:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel list

Configuring the tunnel

Next step is to create a tunnel configuration file. The documentation for the configuration can be found here. In our case the config.yaml looks like the following:

tunnel: 8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02
credentials-file: /home/nonroot/.cloudflared/8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02.json

ingress:
  - hostname: nginx.bit0.se
    service: http://jain10.jain.lan:8888
  - service: http_status:404

Setting up DNS records

We also need to setup DNS records for the tunnel. This can be done manually or automatically using the cloudflared service.

docker run --rm -it -v \workingfolder:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel route dns <name> <hostname>

In our case it looks like this:

> docker run --rm -it -v W:\cf:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel route dns example nginx.bit0.se
2022-01-30T11:56:58Z INF Added CNAME nginx.bit0.se which will route to this tunnel tunnelID=8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02

If we were to add this DNS record manually, it looks like this:

Type: CNAME
Name: HOSTNAME
Target: <id>.cfargotunnel.com
Proxy status: Proxied
TTL: Auto

In our case it looks like the following:

Type: CNAME
Name: nginx
Target: 8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02.cfargotunnel.com
Proxy status: Proxied
TTL: Auto

Running the tunnel

Final step is to activate the tunnel:

docker run --rm -it -v \workingfolder:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel run <name>

> docker run --rm -it -v W:\cf:/home/nonroot/.cloudflared cloudflare/cloudflared:2022.1.0 tunnel run example

Securing the exposed web server with Cloudflare Access will be a separate post. ^[return]
Ensure to replace <name> with the actual name of the tunnel. ^[return]
In this case the id is 8f2330b4-e661-4ce2-a290-f5b57970fa02 ^[return]

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Exporting Organizational Data From Google Apps

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 23 Jan 2022 10:04:26 +0100

Generating The Export

As Google is ending the legacy Google Apps Free edition, it was time to move on for one of the organisations I manage. One part of this step is to export all data available at Google. This is done by:

Opening the Google Admin Console.
Go to Data export.
Start export.
Wait for the export to complete (you will receive an email).
View the export (select View in the Archive column).
This will take you to Google Cloud Storage.
Select both the html file and the folder.
Select Download.
A popup will open, telling you have to use the gsutil utility to download the export.

As this is not a utility i use very often, and I don’t have python installed on my local host, I will therefore be setting up an environment in docker to download the export. Note that the popup includes the command to run when the environment has been setup.

Downloading data

Start an interactive python container in bash. I will be using the folder W:\Takeout on my host as my working folder.

docker run --rm -it -v W:\Takeout:/opt python bash

Firstly we need to install gsutil utility by installing google-cloud-sdk.

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list
curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg  add -
apt-get update -y
apt-get install google-cloud-sdk -y

We then need to authenticate, this is performed using the gcloud utility which is part of the google-cloud-sdk.

gcloud auth login

This will generate a link.

Navigate to the link in your web browser (where you are already signed into the Google Admin console).
Select you account and authorise Google Cloud SDK to access your account.
This will generate an authentication code.
Copy the authentication code.
Paste in the docker session.
You are now authenticated.

root@3ba12edc8937:/# gcloud auth login
Go to the following link in your browser:

    https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?response_type=code&client_id=xxxxxxxxxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=urn%3Aietf%3Awg%3Aoauth%3A2.0%3Aoob&scope=openid+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fuserinfo.email+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fcloud-platform+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fappengine.admin+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fcompute+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Faccounts.reauth&state=wcEMJ90xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxKdj&prompt=consent&access_type=offline&code_challenge=qE9ArxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxGFIOVn4N5S5_A7Ku9g&code_challenge_method=S256

Enter verification code: 4/1AX4XfxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxzaRLc2uIEVxd6b_hMibVsFhs2ZzKDpq5s4Q

You are now logged in as [admin@example.com].
Your current project is [None].  You can change this setting by running:
  $ gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
root@3ba12edc8937:/#

Finally navigate to the working folder and run the command shown in the popup when trying to download from Google Data Export.

cd /opt
gsutil -m cp -r \
  "gs://takeout-export-0ac203dd-f8dd-4bef-96a5-xxxxxxxxxxxx/202201xxT170600Z/" \
  "gs://takeout-export-0ac203dd-f8dd-4bef-96a5-xxxxxxxxxxxx/Status Report.html" \
  .

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Converting Binary to Decimal Using Dynamic Arrays in Excel

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 12 Dec 2021 16:01:28 +0100

As part of the Advent of Code 2021 challenge, I decided to try and see if I could solve the daily challenges using Excel.

One step for the day 3 challenge includes converting binary numbers to decimal numbers. Excel has a built-in function for this, BIN2DEC. However this function only supports a 10-bit binary number, but in practice only 9-bit numbers as the 1st bit is used for the polarity.

In a not so recent version of Excel, Microsoft introduced Dynamic Arrays. In this post I will show how to convert a binary number to a decimal number using dynamic arrays.

Summary

The steps being taken are:

Number	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 3	Final
1011	1	1	3	8	11
	2	0	2	0
	3	1	1	2
	4	1	0	1

With the final result after combining being:

=SUM(POWER(2,LEN(A2)-SEQUENCE(LEN(A2)))*MID(A2,SEQUENCE(LEN(A2)),1))

Splitting up the text

We start with a binary number, in our case 1011¹. This number however is in one cell, to be able to perform operation on each digit, we need to split this up. This is done combining the MID function and the new SEQUENCE function.

Step 1 lists the starting position of each number. This is done using the following formula:

=SEQUENCE(LEN(A2))

The results of this operation are visualised in column Step 1:

Number	Step 1
1011	1
	2
	3
	4

Now we use the output from step one as an input to the MID function.

=MID(A2,B2#,1)

The results of this operation are visualised in column Step 2:

Number	Step 1	Step 2
1011	1	1
	2	0
	3	1
	4	1

Now we have each digit in its own cell.

Calculating the exponent

Before we can perform the power operation, we need to know the base and the exponent. The base in our case is 2, but each digit will have it’s own unique exponent. Right rightmost digit has the exponent 0, the second rightmost digit has the exponent 1, so on and so forth.

This can be calculated using the following formula, combining the function LEN with SEQUENCE.

=LEN(A2)-SEQUENCE(LEN(A2))

The results of this operation are visualised in column Step 3:

Number	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3
1011	1	1	3
	2	0	2
	3	1	1
	4	1	0

Now that we have the base and the exponent we can use the power function. Note the multiplication in the formula below, this is to that the exponent for any digits with value 0 are discarded.

=POWER(2,D2#)*C2#

The results of this operation are visualised in column Step 4:

Number	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4
1011	1	1	3	8
	2	0	2	0
	3	1	1	2
	4	1	0	1

Finalising

We finalise this by summarising each digit that was the result from Step 4 above.

=SUM(E2#)

The results of this operation are visualised in column Final:

Number	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Final
1011	1	1	3	8	11
	2	0	2	0
	3	1	1	2
	4	1	0	1

Most times we want to perform all these steps in a single step, we can therefore combine all of the steps to a single step using the following formula:

=SUM(POWER(2,LEN(A2)-SEQUENCE(LEN(A2)))*MID(A2,SEQUENCE(LEN(A2)),1))

Note that the input number 1011 in this example is saved in cell A2. ^[return]

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Downloading Videos From Facebook

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 24 Apr 2021 11:01:02 +0200

In the orchestra I am member of we recently realised that we are missing original videos in our video archive, the only copy we have of the videos are either on our either on our fan page or in our private Facebook group. Hence my task was to retreive the videos in the best possible quality.

First step is to get hold of the tool youtube-dl (Github/Homepage) which has support for many more sites than just Youtube, which includes Facebook.

Usage: youtube-dl.exe [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]

Downloading a public video

Downloading a public video from Facebook is rather easy using youtube-dl. Get the URL of the video to download. Let’s use this video as an example.

youtube-dl https://www.facebook.com/LudvikaSS/videos/luss-måndagsträning-219-2020/2783077575293555/

The output should look something like below, and you now have a video file saved in the folder.

youtube-dl https://www.facebook.com/LudvikaSS/videos/luss-måndagsträning-219-2020/2783077575293555/
[facebook] 2783077575293555: Downloading webpage
[download] Destination: Facebook video #2783077575293555-2783077575293555.f431509714569993v.mp4
[download] 100% of 10.33MiB in 00:00
[download] Destination: Facebook video #2783077575293555-2783077575293555.f326406205105276a.m4a
[download] 100% of 126.29KiB in 00:00
[ffmpeg] Merging formats into "Facebook video #2783077575293555-2783077575293555.mp4"
Deleting original file Facebook video #2783077575293555-2783077575293555.f431509714569993v.mp4 (pass -k to keep)
Deleting original file Facebook video #2783077575293555-2783077575293555.f326406205105276a.m4a (pass -k to keep)

Downloading a private video

Downloading a private video is a tad more challenging. Trying to download a video that requies authentication might give you one of the following errors:

ERROR: This video is only available for registered users. Use --username and --password or --netrc to provide account credentials.
ERROR: Cannot parse data; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Make sure you are using the latest version; type  youtube-dl -U  to update. Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.

If you don’t have 2 factor authentication, it might work to just provide your account credentials using the --username and --password flags, but for me this doesn’t work. The workaround in this case is using cookies.

We log into Facebook using our authentication details and navigate to the video we want to download.
Next is to find the request headers of the page.
1. This is easily done in Firefox and Chrome by opening Developer Tools and navigating to Network Tab
2. If there are requests in the list, clear them so you have an empty list.
3. Reload the page.
4. Select the correct request. This is usually the first request with a 200 response,
5. Select Headers tab
6. Navigate to the section cookies
7. Copy the whole cookie header

For me the cookie header looks something along the following lines:

Cookie: datr=Z21_X3Ch3********lud6NC; fr=1HS4RVaK2Rd9TIzRl.AWWYeTbPI31GF_WAI********.Bgg-cQ.Qs.AAA.0.0.Bgg-cQ.AWUN2qmLGnk; sb=kG1_Xx5EHSyzL1xoLFh6iRtO; c_user=167304****; xs=28%3AEJgSdW-4dQ0Ysg%3A2%3A1602**********%3A6762%3A%3AAcULoH7o********GZt210lhg; _fbp=fb.1.16157245128********4; presence=C%7B%2**************2u.602371828%22%7D%2C%7B%22i%22%3A%22u.100003394271915%22%7D%2C%7B%22i%22%3A%22u.138954************1%7D; wd=18*****8; spin=r.1003**********3_b.trunk_t.1619201242_s****.2_

Then you paste the cookie string into the download request using the argument --add-header Field:Value

youtube-dl --add-header "Cookie:COOKIE-STRING" "URL-TO-FILE

youtube-dl.exe --add-header "Cookie: datr=Z21_X3 **TRUNKATED-COOKIE-STRING**" https://www.facebook.com/ajain93/videos/10204772647150690
[facebook] 10204772647150690: Downloading webpage
[download] Downloading playlist: 10204772647150690
[facebook] playlist 10204772647150690: Collected 1 video ids (downloading 1 of them)
[download] Downloading video 1 of 1
[download] Destination: Facebook video #10204772647150690-10204772647150690.f10204772743233092v.mp4
[download] 100% of 563.85KiB in 00:00
[download] Destination: Facebook video #10204772647150690-10204772647150690.f10204772743193091a.m4a
[download] 100% of 71.20KiB in 00:00
[ffmpeg] Merging formats into "Facebook video #10204772647150690-10204772647150690.mp4"
Deleting original file Facebook video #10204772647150690-10204772647150690.f10204772743233092v.mp4 (pass -k to keep)
Deleting original file Facebook video #10204772647150690-10204772647150690.f10204772743193091a.m4a (pass -k to keep)
[download] Finished downloading playlist: 10204772647150690

Source: Stack-Exchange

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Setting up a MariaDB Container in Docker

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 16 Mar 2021 21:32:28 +0100

Recently I decided to transfer my Home Assistant database to MariaDB instead of the default SQLite db. Unfortunately, I spent way too much time trying to get the setup going, as I was running into errors all the time. This is a quick guide on how I got my setup up and running.

Setting up container

I run everything to do with my HA in docker, and will be doing the same with the database. For this I use docker-compose

version: '2'
services:
    mariadb:
        image: mariadb/server:10.5
        environment:
            - PUID=1000
            - PGID=1000
            - TZ=Europe/Stockholm
            - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='secret_root_password'
        volumes:
            - ./mariadb/db:/var/lib/mysql
#           - ./mariadb/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:ro
        ports:
            - 3306:3306
        logging:
                driver: "json-file"
                options:
                    max-size: "200k"
                    max-file: "10"

We start with the second volume mount commented out, as We will be pulling the default file at /etc/mysql/my.cnf for minor modifications.

After the first start, we can remove the following row:

- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='secret_root_password'

Enable connections form all IPs

Pull the file at /etc/mysql/my.cnf and the following rows:

[mysqld]
skip-networking=0
skip-bind-address

Save the file, and remove the comment from the second mount.

Enable access from all IPs for the root user

Execute shell into the container, and run the following commands.

Enter the local mysql shell using the command mysql

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'super_secret_password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

CREATE DATABASE ha;
CREATE USER 'ha_user' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ha.* TO 'ha_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit

Setup recorder

In the Home Assistant configuration file, add the following:

recorder:
  db_url: mysql://ha_user:secret_password@server_name:3306/ha?charset=utf8

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Enable SSH Login Using Authorised Keys on Admin Account

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 06 Feb 2021 20:11:21 +0100

Windows 10 has since some while ago a OpenSSH client included. There is also an option to install a OpenSSH server. One issue I regularly encounter is that the server is as default setup to not allow my user to login using the authorized_keys file located at %USERPROFILE%\.ssh\ as my user is a local administrator. Let’s fix this.

Installing OpenSSH Server

This is most conveniently done using Windows Settings.

Open Windows Settings (WIN+I)
Navigate to Apps
Select Apps & Features
Open Optional features
Select Add a feature
Scroll down to OpenSSH Server
Press Install

Open a notepad or your favorate text editor as administrator.
Open sshd_config located at: C:\ProgramData\ssh\sshd_config
Find the following line: Match Group administrators, for me this is in the bottom of the file.

Comment the following 2 rows:

Match Group administrators
    AuthorizedKeysFile __PROGRAMDATA__/ssh/administrators_authorized_keys

Restart service OpenSSH SSH Server

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Enable Windows night light on DisplayLink displays

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 18 Jan 2021 18:59:29 +0100

I mainly use Windows 10 on my devices, which have lots of nifty features. One such feature is night light. I recently started using a USB docking station with DisplayLink support, which makes life much easier when switching between computers, but wanting to use the same accessories (monitors, keyboard, mice, speakers, etc.).

I was therefore disapointed that the night light feature was not working out of the box. A search showed me there is an article on the DisplayLink website that shows how to activate this feature also on DisplayLink displays.

Ensure you have a DisplayLink driver version of 9.0 or above. This can be checked in Device Manager in Display Adaptors > [docking station] > Driver. I have version 10.0.82.0 at this point in time.
Open Registry Editor and navigate to:
```
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DisplayLink\Core
```
Note: I did not have the keys DisplayLink or Core. If these keys are missing, create them.
Add a String value with the name EnableGammaRamp and the value true.
Unplug and re-plug the docking station.
Turn on night light.

If you wish to use a .reg file instead, paste the following into an empty .reg file and execute the file.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DisplayLink\Core]
"EnableGammaRamp"="true"

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Enable Audio & Video in Docker Container

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 20 Jul 2020 11:45:59 +0200

I have been using docker for a while. One thing that I encountered and thought should be interesting is to run a container with a GUI in a windows host, which give me both audio and video of the program. For this test I am using Mozilla Firefox.

This requires docker to be set up. I am running docker on WSL2. We will be using this simple dockerfile as a starting point:

FROM ubuntu:18.04

RUN  apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        firefox

CMD /usr/bin/firefox http://arnav.jain.se/

Video / Gui

What we will be doing is capturing the gui elements sent to the X Server and show them in windows.

VcXsrv Windows X Server

Installation

The easiest way to install VcXsrv is using Chocolatey.

choco install vcxsrv

Configuration

Start XLaunch for configuration:

Display Settings: Multiple Windows
Display Number: -1
Client Startup: Start no client
Extra Settings:
    Clipboard: Yes
        Primary Selection: Yes
    Native opengl: Yes
    Disable access control: Yes

Note Disable access control above should be ticked.

Save configuration as %appdata\Xming\config.xlaunch% and press finish to start VcXsrv

Contents of the file should be something like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<XLaunch WindowMode="MultiWindow" ClientMode="NoClient" LocalClient="False" Display="-1" LocalProgram="xcalc" RemoteProgram="xterm" RemotePassword="" PrivateKey="" RemoteHost="" RemoteUser="" XDMCPHost="" XDMCPBroadcast="False" XDMCPIndirect="False" Clipboard="True" ClipboardPrimary="True" ExtraParams="" Wgl="True" DisableAC="True" XDMCPTerminate="False"/>

Docker

In our dockerfile we will add the following:

ENV DISPLAY=host.docker.internal:0.0

The dockerfile now looks like following:

FROM ubuntu:18.04

RUN  apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        firefox

ENV DISPLAY=host.docker.internal:0.0

CMD /usr/bin/firefox http://arnav.jain.se/

We can test our progress with:

docker build -t firefox . && docker run --rm firefox

If the image is built successfully, a new firefox window should open.

Audio

For audio we will be using Pulseaudio on Windows

Pulseaudio on Windows

Installation

Download the archive available at the download site and extract the files to a folder of your choice.

Configuration

We need to change the configuration in certain files.

We start with etc\pulse\default.pa We need to add the following line, somewhere around line 62 is resonable.

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1

Next file is etc\pulse\daemon.conf where we need to uncomment exit-idle-time and set value to -1 (line 39).

exit-idle-time = -1

Running

Running is simple as starting bin\pulseaudio.exe. You should receive a firewall prompt, allow access. The command prompt will probably show a few warnings about Secure directory creation not supported on Win32. If the process does not exit, then the pulseaudio server is running.

Docker

In our dockerfile we will add the following:

ENV PULSE_SERVER=tcp:host.docker.internal:4713

We will also require installing pulseaudio in the docker container (in addition to firefox).

The dockerfile now looks like following:

FROM ubuntu:18.04

RUN  apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y \
        pulseaudio \
        firefox

ENV DISPLAY=host.docker.internal:0.0
ENV PULSE_SERVER=tcp:host.docker.internal:4713

CMD /usr/bin/firefox http://arnav.jain.se/

We can again test our progress with:

docker build -t firefox . && docker run --rm firefox

This time when the firefox opens, let’s try navigating to Soundcloud and try playing some music.

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Auto Restart Klipper When Ender3 Connected to Pi

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 14 May 2020 20:57:38 +0200

Some time ago installed Klipper on my OctoPi which is connected to my Ender3. One issue I’ve had is that I have to manually open Octoprint and restart the Klipper process for Klipper to connect to the printer. Today I decided to fix this issue.

I used the suggestion in this post with some changes originating in this post to create my rule.

I start off by accessing Octopi using ssh. Then I create the file 98-klipper.rules in the /etc/udev/rules.d/ folder.

ssh octoprint
sudo touch /etc/udev/rules.d/98-klipper.rules
sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/98-klipper.rules

I then add the following text into the file

## rule to restart klipper when the printer is connected via usb
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6001", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/bin/sudo -u pi /bin/sh -c '/bin/echo RESTART > /tmp/printer'"

Finally I re-load the udev rules

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

If everything works correctly, when I turn on the printer, Klipper will restart automatically.

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Exporting WordPress Posts to Markdown

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 03 May 2020 13:32:01 +0200

I was recently converting a Wordpress site to a Hugo site. One of the major challenges was to convert all of the blog posts to markdown. Of course one option is to copy text from the site and paste it into a markdown file and then perform the formatting once again. This is time consuming and not so intuitive. I was looking for a smarter option.

Looking around the web i found the following project: wordpress-export-to-markdown. There are two pre-requisites to use this tool. The first one is a WordPress export file, instructions to extract this from your wordpress installation can be found in this Wordpress support article. The second one is node.js, I unfortunately did not have this setup on my computer, I did however have Docker setup. Here I will guide you how I used this tool using docker.

I always start by pulling the image to local drive.

docker pull node

T:\WP2MD>docker pull node
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/node
99760bc62448: Pull complete
e3fa264a7a88: Pull complete
a222a2af289f: Pull complete
c1f89293f045: Pull complete
115b6fc5ace1: Pull complete
9eb516295c24: Pull complete
d23358c1492a: Pull complete
08d6736f797a: Pull complete
3dcecd6cc67a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:101d1d7ba7562fcb36b23eeff46607107802f1a439a571d86cf490cf9fe2150e
Status: Downloaded newer image for node:latest
docker.io/library/node:latest

T:\WP2MD>

Next step is to run the docker container. In this project i will use the following parameter:

Name: node
Volume: T:\WP2MD:/opt where T:\WP2MD is my project directory on local machine and /opt is my project directory in the docker container.
Autoclean up
Interactive mode

docker run --name node -v T:\WP2MD:/opt --rm -it node bash

Then navigate to the /opt directory and run the following command npx wordpress-export-to-markdown

cd /opt
npx wordpress-export-to-markdown

This will

Install the requirements to run the tool
Start the wizard to configure the tool and export

Before running the wizard, ensure you have placed the exported export.xml file from WordPress into the project directory.

The tool will now output all posts in markdown format, and also include any images referenced in the posts (is selection is made).

root@1f4bdeaf93fd:/# cd /opt
root@1f4bdeaf93fd:/opt# npx wordpress-export-to-markdown
npx: installed 138 in 8.9s

Starting wizard...
? Path to WordPress export file? export.xml
? Path to output folder? output
? Create year folders? Yes
? Create month folders? No
? Create a folder for each post? No
? Prefix post folders/files with date? Yes
? Save images attached to posts? Yes
? Save images scraped from post body content? Yes

Parsing...
20 posts found.
70 attached images found.
16 images scraped from post body content.

Saving posts...
[OK] valkommen-till-var-blogg
[OK] gott-nytt-jubileumsar
[OK] yeah-ny-hemsida
Done, got them all!

Downloading and saving images...
[OK] Gamla-sidan.png
[OK] dsc_4924.jpg
[OK] dsc_4795.jpg
[OK] dsc_4924-678x1024.jpg
[OK] IMG_20180912_105425_955-300x288.jpg
[FAILED] Namnlös.png (StatusCodeError: 404)
[OK] Namnl%C3%B6s.png
Done, but with 1 failed.

All done!
Look for your output files in: /opt/output
root@1f4bdeaf93fd:/opt#

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Setting Up a Raspberry Pi 3 with Docker

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 03 Apr 2020 11:02:24 +0100

In a previous post I set up docker on a Raspberry Pi running Photon OS. Later I realised Photon OS was not practical for me for the project I was running. Thus I changed to Raspbian Buster Light instead.

I will now redo a similar setup.

Preparing SD Card

Start by download Raspbian for Raspberry Pi. This can by downloaded at the Raspbian site.

I am using the following image:

File: 2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip
Size: 433M
CRC-32: 0061e5fe
SHA-1: 7aeaec17941fee1bb733d013367eebd43d2e3deb
SHA-256: 12ae6e17bf95b6ba83beca61e7394e7411b45eba7e6a520f434b0748ea7370e8

Install balenaEtcher if not already installed.

Although Etcher can ingest .zip files, i prefer to extract the .zip archive so I only have the .img file.

Install the .img file using balenaEtcher.

Preparing to flash the Raspbian Buster Lite image to SD Card

Flashing the SD Card

SD Card prepared

Setting up Wi-Fi and SSH

I will be running this Pi in so called headless mode, that is without any mouse/keyboard nor any display connected to the Pi. This means I need to ensure the Pi can connect to the wireless network, as well as I can connect to the Pi over SSH.

Update 2024-08-01: This process has changed since Debian 12 Bookworm, the best way is to use the Raspberry Pi imager.

Setting up Wi-Fi

In the boot volume, create a new file with the name wpa_supplicant.conf and the following contents (the country code should be in ISO 3166-1 ALPHA-2 format (e.g. “SE”)):

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=<Insert country code here>

network={
 ssid="<Name of your WiFi>"
 psk="<Password for your WiFi>"
}

Setting up SSH

To enable SSH, add an empty file with the name ssh (note the lack of file extension) in the boot volume

Setting up Pi

First boot

Insert the SD card into the Raspberry Pi and insert power cable, and wait for the Pi to boot up.

We now need to find the IP to the Pi. This can either be done using your router interface, but I prefer to use NMAP for Windows:

C:\Users\Arnav>nmap -sP 192.168.8.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-02-23 12:00 W. Europe Standard Time
/***/
Nmap scan report for raspberrypi.jain.lan (192.168.8.224)
Host is up (0.26s latency).
MAC Address: B8:27:EB:7B:6E:B6 (Raspberry Pi Foundation)
/***/
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (15 hosts up) scanned in 7.21 seconds

C:\Users\Arnav>

Connect to Pi

Connect to Pi using ssh and change password on first connection. Default logon is pi / raspberry.

ssh pi@192.168.8.224

When connecting for the first time, you will be asked to verify the fingerprint of the server, type yes. Then when asked for the password, type raspberry.

Change of admin password

First thing to do is to change the password for the user ‘pi’ using the passwd command.

passwd

First enter the current password (raspberry), and then type the new password two times.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ passwd
Changing password for pi.
Current password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

Change of hostname

To check to current hostname you can use the hostname command:

hostname

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname
raspberrypi
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

To change the hostname we have to change it in two places: /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts.

sudo nano /etc/hostname

This file contains only one line - the name of your Raspberry Pi. Change the name to whatever you like, but only use the letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ (uppercase or lowercase), digits ‘0’ to ‘9’, and the dash ’-’.

Save the file using Ctrl+x, then Y followed by Enter.

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Find the line starting with 127.0.0.1, and change the name following it to your new hostname. Save the file using Ctrl+x, then Y followed by Enter.

Finally, reboot device.

sudo reboot

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo reboot
Connection to 192.168.8.224 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.8.224 closed.

Enable passwordless SSH access

See post Accessing Linux Web Servers Using SSH Keys

Generic housekeeping

Update the APT package repository cache of Raspbian using the following command:

sudo apt update

Now that the Pi have knowledge of latest versions of each software package, lets update them using the following command:

sudo apt upgrade

When asked for confirmation, type y.

Final action is to install the kernel headers.

sudo apt install raspberrypi-kernel raspberrypi-kernel-headers

Installing Docker

Installing Docker on raspbian is really easy using the the convenience script supplied by Docker

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh

To enable management of docker without having to use the sudo command every time, add the pi user to the docker group.

sudo usermod -aG docker pi

Testing the docker installation

docker pull hello-world
docker run --rm hello-world

pi@ha-bridge:~ $ docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
4ee5c797bcd7: Pull complete                                                                                             Digest: sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
pi@ha-bridge:~ $ docker run --rm hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (arm32v7)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

pi@ha-bridge:~ $

Installing Portainer

To manage docker from the webbrowser i use Portainer.

docker volume create portainer_data
docker run -d -p 8000:8000 -p 9000:9000 --name=portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer

Updates

2021-01-10: Section Setting up Wi-Fi has been updated to clarify that it should be ISO_3166-1 ALPHA-2 codes.

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Allow Docker Through Windows Firewall

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 02 Sep 2019 15:41:36 +0200

I recently re-imaged my main workstation, and encountered the following issue after installing and setting up docker: none of my containers with exposed ports were accessable outside the host.

If I setup a simple nginx server:

docker run --name mynginx1 -p 8080:80 -d nginx

I am able to access it though the follwing urls on the local machine:

But trying to access the third link (http://jain10.jain.lan:8080/) on different workstations did not work, I just received a connection timeout error. After some troubleshooting I found out the issue to be in Windows Firewall, the firewall was blocking the incoming connection.

Solution

After lots of googleing I found the following solution which solves the issue this time:

In Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security, the following rule needs to be created:

Type: Inbound
Program: C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\resources\com.docker.backend.exe
Allow all connections

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Using NMAP to find active devices

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 09 Jul 2019 20:12:17 +0200

In a recent post i mentioned using NMAP for Windows to find out the ip addesses of devices connected on the network. In this post I wish to lift that section out specifically.

The command for finding all active devices in the selected subnet is:

nmap -sP 192.168.8.0/24

The output might be somthing like:

C:\Users\Arnav>nmap -sP 192.168.8.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-06-02 17:51 W. Europe Summer Time
/***/
Nmap scan report for photon-rpi3.jain.lan (192.168.8.228)
Host is up (0.0030s latency).
MAC Address: B8:27:EB:5C:D3:AB (Raspberry Pi Foundation)
/***/
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (15 hosts up) scanned in 7.71 seconds

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Accessing Linux Web Servers Using SSH Keys

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 02 Jun 2019 19:40:23 +0200

I like to avoid having to remember and typing passwords when i log into things on the internet, hence why I use KeePass. I have the same mindset when it comes to logging onto servers. Luckily there exists something known as SSH Keys.

Generating a public-private key pair

We start by running the ssh-keygen utility:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

Select where to save the key pair. (Press {Enter} to save in default location).

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Arnav/.ssh/id_rsa):

If you wish to have additional security, you can add an optional passphrase:

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Arnav/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

You key pair should now be generated:

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Arnav/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in C:\Users\Arnav/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in C:\Users\Arnav/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:1zuyJ2emb2f+lP9cFLosAmFdjMJIPsBvad7OBOpEHqM arnav@Jain10
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|  ....o   o.     |
|   .o. o....     |
|    .o.o..     . |
|   + *o .  .  . .|
|  + B o.S . ..  .|
| E + . o..  .....|
|  o   +  ...oo .o|
|   .   o  ooB.ooo|
|          oX.+..*|
+----[SHA256]-----+

C:\Users\Arnav>

To display the public key we can use the following commands:

*nix: cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Windows (from the home directory): type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub

C:\Users\Arnav>type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDD1pYvyhKyiDSvbPSETiOeF0ORn9E3ePIGN35d+lJUKcRGW7lOW2tR3Sr8hDMkOSFIzVajOE/C1JKxbX1QNZKeHDFCDle0atCfRDCF9pHadZKqnJxp+8BnjdmE+GIptENpFGrHWiQShRx6RLy33crA/Wm62xNAqrlq10SCPNOUwQJNkBhah7B7lNEbcz6RkA6kmiBASqqM1sLuaWiQz90A+RvB2b8p02Xhprj0bSPX+EaXHcnBa9+NF19X5+kS879LYX7XlHxXBwuaifdmwPFLSGh9ZAMSePdBfi0q/EtyclS29vb+Wn+vFm7NL63bPQXlJol0WvMt8TF+UG12oAFB arnav@Jain10

C:\Users\Arnav>

The ssh-rsa AAAA/***/oAFB arnav@Jain10 is my public key.

Placing public key on remove server

Access the web-server in whichever way you find convenient. For me it’s ssh to my Pi I just set up.

ssh root@photon-rpi3.jain.lan

Firstly we need to ensure that the .ssh sub-directory exists in our home directory. We do this by the mkdir command:

mkdir -p ~/.ssh

We now need to add the public key (from above) as an authorised key. This is done by the following command:

echo «public_key_string» >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Remember to replace «public_key_string» with the public key you displayed above. Note that the >> signifies that this command will:

if file exists the command will append the string to very end of the file.
if file does not exist the command will create a new text file with the string as a content.

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# mkdir -p ~/.ssh
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# echo ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDD1pYvyhKyiDSvbPSETiOeF0ORn9E3ePIGN35d+lJUKcRGW7lOW2tR3Sr8hDMkOSFIzVajOE/C1JKxbX1QNZKeHDFCDle0atCfRDCF9pHadZKqnJxp+8BnjdmE+GIptENpFGrHWiQShRx6RLy33crA/Wm62xNAqrlq10SCPNOUwQJNkBhah7B7lNEbcz6RkA6kmiBASqqM1sLuaWiQz90A+RvB2b8p02Xhprj0bSPX+EaXHcnBa9+NF19X5+kS879LYX7XlHxXBwuaifdmwPFLSGh9ZAMSePdBfi0q/EtyclS29vb+Wn+vFm7NL63bPQXlJol0WvMt8TF+UG12oAFB arnav@Jain10 >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

That should be it.

Try out the passwordless logon

The response from the server when using password logon:

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh root@photon-rpi3.jain.lan
Password:
Last login: Sun Jun  2 17:00:40 2019 from 192.168.8.10
 18:01:52 up  1:03,  0 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.00

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

And the same when using SSH keys to logon:

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh root@photon-rpi3.jain.lan
Last login: Sun Jun  2 18:01:52 2019 from 192.168.8.10
 18:08:05 up  1:10,  0 users,  load average: 0.17, 0.06, 0.01

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

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Setting up Docker on Raspberry Pi with Photon OS

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 02 Jun 2019 17:33:18 +0200

In preperation for other projects I wishted to get Docker running on a Raspberry Pi. The guide below shows how I installed Docker on Photon OS and set up the Wi-Fi.

Preparing the SD card

Start by download Photon OS for Raspberry Pi. This can by downloaded at the VMWare site.

I am using the following image:

file: photon-rpi3-3.0-26156e2.tar.xz
size: 53M
sha1: f11515e5d8ab53b328789ff0b27aceb121c1772f

Extract the .xz archive and the .tar archive so you only have the .raw file. Install the .raw file using Etcher.

Preparing to flash the Photon OS image to SD Card

Flashing the SD Card

SD Card prepared

Insert the SD card into the Raspberry Pi and insert power cable.

Finding the IP address

My Pi is connected via Ethernet. I use NMAP for Windows to find the ip address for the Pi using:

nmap -sP 192.168.8.0/24

C:\Users\Arnav>nmap -sP 192.168.8.0/24
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-06-02 17:51 W. Europe Summer Time
/***/
Nmap scan report for photon-rpi3.jain.lan (192.168.8.228)
Host is up (0.0030s latency).
MAC Address: B8:27:EB:5C:D3:AB (Raspberry Pi Foundation)
/***/
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (15 hosts up) scanned in 7.71 seconds

Connect to Raspberry PI

Connect to Pi using ssh and change password on first connection. Default logon is root / changeme.

ssh root@photon-rpi3.jain.lan

C:\Users\Arnav>ssh root@photon-rpi3.jain.lan
Password:
You are required to change your password immediately (administrator enforced)
Changing password for root.
Current password: ****
New password: ****
Retype new password: ****
 15:58:48 up 11 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.03

24 Security notice(s)
Run 'tdnf updateinfo info' to see the details.
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Installing Docker

tdnf install docker

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# tdnf install docker

Installing:
libseccomp                           aarch64            2.4.0-1.ph3              photon-updates     307.65k 315032
libapparmor                          aarch64            2.13-7.ph3               photon-updates      66.57k 68168
libsepol                             aarch64            2.8-1.ph3                photon             611.89k 626576
libselinux                           aarch64            2.8-1.ph3                photon             174.16k 178338
libltdl                              aarch64            2.4.6-3.ph3              photon              35.53k 36384
device-mapper-libs                   aarch64            2.02.181-1.ph3           photon             315.39k 322960
docker                               aarch64            18.06.2-2.ph3            photon-updates     154.39M 161893076

Total installed size: 155.87M 163440534
Is this ok [y/N]:y

Downloading:
libseccomp                               83992    100%
libapparmor                              39330    100%
libsepol                                275180    100%
libselinux                               84756    100%
libltdl                                  24218    100%
device-mapper-libs                      149078    100%
docker                                43826910    100%
Testing transaction
Running transaction
Installing/Updating: libsepol-2.8-1.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: libselinux-2.8-1.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: device-mapper-libs-2.02.181-1.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: libltdl-2.4.6-3.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: libapparmor-2.13-7.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: libseccomp-2.4.0-1.ph3.aarch64
Installing/Updating: docker-18.06.2-2.ph3.aarch64

Complete!
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Starting and enabling docker

Start Docker service:

systemctl start docker

Enable Docker service (so it starts with the Pi)

systemctl enable docker

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl start docker
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Testing the docker installation

Hello World

Pulling the latest hello-world image:

docker pull hello-world

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
3b4173355427: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0e11c388b664df8a27a901dce21eb89f11d8292f7fca1b3e3c4321bf7897bffe
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Running the image:

docker run hello-world

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (arm64v8)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

nginx

Pulling and running the lightweight nginx:alpine image:

docker run -p 80:80 nginx:alpine

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# docker run -p 80:80 nginx:alpine
Unable to find image 'nginx:alpine' locally
alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
0362ad1dd800: Pull complete
28925c38cc7e: Pull complete
694c9daeeb8b: Pull complete
da33a7c6655b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:57a226fb6ab6823027c0704a9346a890ffb0cacde06bc19bbc234c8720673555
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:alpine
192.168.8.10 - - [02/Jun/2019:17:01:40 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:67.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/67.0" "-"
192.168.8.10 - - [02/Jun/2019:17:01:40 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 154 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:67.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/67.0" "-"
2019/06/02 17:01:40 [error] 8#8: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.8.10, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "photon-rpi3.jain.lan"

Webserver running on Pi

Setting up Wi-Fi

Using the Pi, it is more convenient to use Wi-Fi rather than using ethernet, so let’s enable and connect to Wi-Fi.

Start the wpa_supplicant service

systemctl start wpa_supplicant@wlan0

Enabling the wpa_supplicant service (so it starts with the Pi)

systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0

Check wheter the service has started

systemctl status wpa_supplicant@wlan0

Edit the dhcp settings to get DHCP for wlan0 and not eth0

cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network
[Match]
Name=e*

[Network]
DHCP=yes
IPv6AcceptRA=no
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Change “Name=e*” to “Name=w*” using vi. (Remember «Escape», :wq to save and quit)

vi /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network

Verify the change

cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network
[Match]
Name=w*

[Network]
DHCP=yes
IPv6AcceptRA=no
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]#

Restart networking

systemctl restart systemd-networkd

We ofcourse need to configure the SSID using the wpa_passphrase utility:

wpa_passphrase «SSID» «PassPhrase» >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf

Finally reboot device:

reboot

Summary:

root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl start wpa_supplicant@wlan0
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service → /lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant@.service.
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl status wpa_supplicant@wlan0
● wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service - WPA supplicant (wlan0)
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant@.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Sun 2019-06-02 16:45:45 UTC; 7s ago
 Main PID: 665 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 564)
   Memory: 2.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/system-wpa_supplicant.slice/wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service
           └─667 /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf -B -i wlan0

Jun 02 16:45:45 photon-rpi3 systemd[1]: Starting WPA supplicant (wlan0)...
Jun 02 16:45:45 photon-rpi3 wpa_supplicant[665]: Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
Jun 02 16:45:45 photon-rpi3 wpa_supplicant[665]: rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device
Jun 02 16:45:45 photon-rpi3 systemd[1]: Started WPA supplicant (wlan0).
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network
[Match]
Name=e*

[Network]
DHCP=yes
IPv6AcceptRA=no
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# vi /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# cat /etc/systemd/network/99-dhcp-en.network
[Match]
Name=w*

[Network]
DHCP=yes
IPv6AcceptRA=no
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# systemctl restart systemd-networkd
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# wpa_passphrase Jain08_24 Akalla16476 >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
root@photon-rpi3 [ ~ ]# reboot
Connection to photon-rpi3.jain.lan closed by remote host.
Connection to photon-rpi3.jain.lan closed.

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Windows: Automatically logging on after startup

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 29 Jul 2018 11:20:20 +0200

Often I find it practical to have my Windows virtual machines to automatically logon after start up.

Open netplwiz or control userpasswords2¹
If not already checked, check Users must enter a username and password to use this computer
Select the user you wish to automatically log in
Un-check Users must enter a username and password to use this computer
Press Apply
Enter the password for subject user in the fields Password & Confirm Password
Press OK
Press OK

Both of these commands open the same Control Panel Extension ^[return]

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Multiple Databases With KeePass

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 29 May 2018 17:46:48 +0200

I use the password manager KeePass as my password manager. This means I often use very difficult to remember passwords such as Pdb"ZEo`<¹ as my password. Troy Hunt has a good post on why one should use a password manager. Together with KeePass I use Kee (formerly KeeFox) for auto filling of entries.

I recently decided to split up my password database in multiple databases. If the option Remember and automatically open last used database on startup (in Options → Advanced)is checked, only one of the databases will open, thus this is not very helpful when I have three databases I’d like to open when starting KeePass. To enable opening of multiple databases I can use the Triggers functionality.

Setting up triggers

Open up Tools → Triggers.
Check Enable trigger system.
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
In the Name field, enter a fitting name, such as Open db 1.
Ensure to check Enabled and Initially on.
Change to Events tab
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the event Application started and ready.
Press OK.
Change to Actions tab
Press the Add... button on the right hand side.
Select the action Open database file
In the field File/URL enter the path to the database file without any quotes.
If you’d like to have the database unlocked automatically², enter the information required for unlocking.
Press OK.
Press Finish.
Repeat steps 3 – 17 above for other databases you wish to open.
Press OK.
Restart KeePass and all your databases should open upon startup of KeePass.

Network Setup - An Introduction

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 12 Apr 2018 22:02:25 +0200

Earlier this year I moved to a new place of residence. This time I decided to try out something new with the network setup. In this post I will be describing the network overview, and then go into details about each part.

The two options I had available were xDSL and LTE/HSPA¹. Economically xDSL did not really make sense, the total monthly cost would be about 50-70 % higher compared to LTE. The only reason xDSL may make sense is that I receive a public IPv4 address, which makes it relatively easy to gain access to my home network when travelling. I decided to bite the bullet, make this an experiment, to skip the xDSL and try if I could make LTE work. Of course the whole idea was to make this not expensive, meaning trying to avoid having to buy any hardware.

To make this experiment a success I had one simple target; the file server running on my desktop should be accessible from anywhere on the internet. A bonus is I am able to use RDP as well, but there are simple workarounds for that.

My hurdles? Turns out there are a couple:

I have no USB LTE modem. I do have a USB HSPA modem, but that is an older one which supports … about 7 Mbit/s… Which is slow.
My ISP (mobile carrier) implements CG-NAT for IPv4, meaning I have no public IPv4 address.

Bummer.

Not giving up yet. One hurdle at a time. Next post will go into how I tackled the modem issue and the consequences.

I.e. using the 4G or 3G wireless mobile network. ^[return]

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Android: Use Monochromatic Colourspace

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 03 Mar 2018 11:22:17 +0100

I was reading NRK Beta earlier this week and an article mentioned that using a monochromatic colour space makes a device less attractive and should help decrease the usage of said device. Since I have already experienced monochrome earlier I decided to try out this experiment.

Changing colourspace in Settings

The easiest way to manually change the colourspace is to go through the settings application.

Developer Options

To change the colourspace in an Android device, the Developer Options needs to be enabled.

Open your Settings application.
Navigate to and open About phone or About tablet, usually at the very bottom in the System section.
Repeatedly tap Build number. After about 3 or 4 taps a notification will flash: You are now 4 steps from being a developer
Continue tapping Build number until a notification flashes: You are now a developer!

Summary

Settings → About phone → Build number (7 times)

Selecting colourspace

Open you Settings application.
Navigate to Developer options, usually second to bottom in the System section.
In the Hardware-accelerated rendering section, find Simulate colour space.
Select Monochromacy.

Re-enabling colour

Navigate to Simulate colour space.
Select Disable.

Summary

Settings → Developer options → Simulate colour space → Disabled or Monochromacy

Using command line

The change of colourspace can also be performed through command line. In my own tests, running this command via ADB does not require root, but Tasker does.

Selecting colourspace

Selecting monochromacy as colourspace

settings put secure accessibility_display_daltonizer 0

Enabling selected colourspace

settings put secure accessibility_display_daltonizer_enabled 1

Disabling selected colourspace

settings put secure accessibility_display_daltonizer_enabled 0

Source: Reddit

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Android: Using Tasker to backup photos to OneDrive

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 24 Feb 2018 15:40:22 +0100

I have for the longest time used QuickPic to backup the photos on my mobile device (in addition to viewing photos). Until recently this has worked out well, but as the app is no longer reliable I had to search for another setup. After searching around for a longest while I was unable to find any application that fulfilled my requirements, thus I setup my own solution using Tasker and OneSync.

The setup I am using now and describing below works with any other cloud/network backup solution, in that case OneSync can be replaced with another app of your choice.

Prerequisites

Android
Tasker
OneSync

Overall idea

Most backup solutions have possibility for one-way sync with deletion, i.e. copy the source file to destination and remove the original source file.
Local copy
- Tasker will monitor folders where new photos (or other files for that matter) are created.
- Upon creation of a new file Tasker will copy the file to a pre-set destination folder.
Remote copy The pre-set folder is monitored for changes by the cloud backup solution, or Tasker may trigger an upload action.
- The cloud backup solution will copy the file from the local source folder to destination cloud folder
- The local source file will be removed.

Let us start with the remote copy setup first.

Cloud backup

I will be using the OneSync software to backup to OneDrive, but similar technique applies for other destinations.

Start by installing OneSync.

Installing OneSync
Connect OneSync to you OneDrive

Connect OneSync to OneDrive (1/2)

Connect OneSync to OneDrive (2/2)
When OneSync is connected, set up a folder pair to sync. I use the following settings:
```
Remote folder:  /Picture/Camera Roll
Local folder:   /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Uploads
Sync method:    Upload then delete
Sync enabled:   True
```
Press Save

In the above settings, OneSync will move any files found in my local folder /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Uploads¹ to the Camera Roll in my OneDrive

Select 'Choose what to Sync'

Select 'Let me create my own folder pair'

The configuration I use
Enable your newly created folder pair under the SYNCED FOLDERS tab.
Uncheck the Enable Autosync. The sync will be triggered by Tasker, thus there is no need for an extra service running in the background.

Uncheck Enable Autosync
Verify that OneSync works.
1. Copy a file to the local folder.
  
  A file to be copied to backed up
2. Open OneSync and press the Sync Now button
  
  Start a manual sync
  
  Sync in progress
  
  Sync complete
3. The file should now be copied to your camera roll
  
  File now in Camera Roll folder

Setting up Tasker

Here we will set up two items, the task that actually copies the file and initiates the trigger and the profile which monitors the directory.

Monitoring directory

Open Tasker
Create a new Event profile.

New Event profile
Select File → File Modified
In the Event Edit, press the magnifying to bring up a file selector.

New Event profile
Navigate to the folder you wish to monitor
Long press the folder you wish to monitor.

The folder '/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/' selected to be monitored
Press the back key
Select New Task

Creating the task

Overview of the task

Add an action: Variables → Variable Set
```
Name:   %dir
To:     %evtprm()
```
Action: Variable Set

Action: Variables → Variable Search Replace

Variable:           %dir
Search:             file://
Replace Matches:    True
Replace With:       <Empty>

Action: Variable Search Replace

Action: File → List Files

Dir:            %dir
Sort Select:    Modification Date, Reverse
Variable:       %files

Action: List files

Action: Variable Set
```
Name:   %file
To:     %files(1)
```
Action: Variable Set
Action: Variable Search Replace
```
Variable:           %file
Search:             %dir
Replace Matches:    True
Replace With:       <path-to-sync-folder>
```
<path-to-sync-folder> above represents the folder set up earlier

Action: Variable Search Replace
Action: Files → Copy File
```
From:   %files(1)
To:     %file
```
Action: Copy File
Action: Plugin → OneSync
```
Configuration: Sync Now
```
Caption

Now test that this works by adding a file into the monitored directory.

Windows 10: ANSI Colours in Command Prompt

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 11 Feb 2018 12:07:45 +0100

I was working on a python project which will be printing lots of data (lines) to the terminal, and I wanted to highlight if there are any errors printed out. Java has an easy option, just use System.err.print() instead of the normal System.out.print(). Python, not so easy.

After some searching around I found the following gist.

My implementation is as following:

def printWhiteOnRed(s):
    os.system("echo |set /p out=\u001b[97;101m")
    print(s)
    os.system("echo |set /p out=\u001b[0m")

Let’s go through the different expressions

|set /p out= This is to supress line ending in the command prompt, see this Stack Overflow answer.
\u001b This is the ANSI escape character
[97;101m This are the colours for white foreground on red background.
[0m This is the reset code to ensure any further output is in normal style

Haoyi’s Programming Blog goes in-depth on how this can be played around with.

Sources:

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Android: Rooting Lollipop

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 04 Feb 2018 17:37:08 +0100

I recently rooted two different Android Lollipop devices. On one device I was unable to flash (install) a custom recovery, and on the other device I was. This is a generic guide, make sure you have appropriate files for your specific device.

Note: I am in no way responsible for anything that happens your device if you happen to follow this guide.

Unlocked bootloader with custom recovery

Note: This requires a pc with compatible drivers installed and access to a custom recovery.

Find a custom recovery image. Easiest way to do this is searching for <Your device model> twrp.
Download the custom recovery image.
Download SuperSU flashable zip.
Copy over the downloaded zip to the internal SD card on your device.
Reboot to bootloader mode.
1. You can do this by using the hardware key combination. or
2. You can use adb (Android Debug Bridge)¹
  1. Enable Developer Options, by going to Settings → About Phone. Tap Build number a couple of times.
  2. Enable USB debugging, found in Settings → Developer options → Debugging.
  3. Plug in your device to your computer using usb cable
  4. If required, give your computer access to your device by accepting the popup
  5. Reboot to bootloader mode by using the following adb command: adb reboot bootloader
If not already connected, connect your device to your computer using usb cable
Hot-boot to custom recovery you downloaded earlier: fastboot boot
Flash the SuperSU zip downloaded earlier
Reboot device

Locked bootloader

Download Kingoroot
Install Kingoroot
Run Kingoroot
Root using Kingoroot
Download SuperSU 2.79 (.apk file)
Install SuperSU
Run SuperSU
Install SU binary using the normal method
Reboot device
Remove Kingoroot application
Reboot device

Source: XDA Developers

Android: Enable Write Access to SD Card

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 03 Feb 2018 09:47:08 +0100

I recently activated an old device with Android Lollipop. In Lollipop write access to external SD card is limited unless one can Enable Write Access using the document picker. Some applications do not have this option implemented, thus the application is unable to write to the external SD card.

There is always a work around, and in this case a rather simple one.

Requirements

Android Device:
- OS Lollipop¹
- Root access
Either:
- File manager with root access or
- ADB

Instructions

Mount system partition as read/write
Open the following file:
```
 /system/etc/permissions/platform.xml
```
Find <permission name=”android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE” >
Add the following attribute:
```
<group gid=”media_rw” />
```

It should now look like the following:

<permission name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" >
    <group gid="sdcard_r" />
    <group gid="sdcard_rw" />
    <group gid="media_rw" />
</permission>

Save file
Reboot device

This should also work on Android 4.4 KitKat, but is untested as of writing. ^[return]

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Theory and Practice

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 18 Jan 2018 17:30:17 +0000

I’ve always liked this quote. Personally, I think it is true to a certain extent everywhere and all situations.

Theory is when you know everything, but nothing works.

Practice is when everything works but no one knows why.

In our class/lab/office, theory and practice are combined: nothing works, and nobody knows why.

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Windows 10: Find Wi-Fi Password

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 25 Dec 2017 08:27:18 +0000

Following up on the previous post, it might be practical to find saved password on a Windows 10 device as well for similar reasons.

Note: This may require administrator access.

Open elevated command prompt.
To list the name of all saved Wi-Fi profiles:
```
netsh wlan show profiles
```
To show the password for the specific profile you are looking for:
```
netsh wlan show profiles name=<NAME> key=clear
```
Note: replace <NAME> with the name of the network shown in the step above
The PSK you are looking for is available in the section Security Settings in the field Security Key.

Links

Android: Find saved Wi-Fi Password

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Android: Find saved Wi-Fi Password

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 25 Dec 2017 07:54:33 +0000

Some time ago I visited a friend, and had him enter the Wi-Fi password in my phone. Next time I visited I had my PC with me, the PC of course was not able to connect to the network without the password. Being too lazy I was trying to figure out if there is any way to recall the password saved on my phone; turns out, there is.

Note: On Android, this requires root access.

Open a file explorer¹ which has the availability to browse as root. I personally use FX File Explorer with root addon.
Open the following file in a text reader:
```
/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf
```
Scroll down until you find the network and the PSK you are looking for.

Easy as that.

Update 1 (2017-12-26): To find saved PSK on Windows 10. Update 2 (2017-01-18): Command for using adb:

adb shell "su -c 'cat /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf'"

Source: XDA

Links

Play Store - FX File Explorer Play Store - FX File Explorer Root Addon XDA Developers - Any way to retrieve stored wifi password from Android device without root and ADB?? Windows 10: Find Wi Fi Password

You can also retrieve using ADB instead if that is more convenient, see update two above. ^[return]

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55 Conversation Starters

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 13 Dec 2017 11:01:55 +0000

Sometimes it is a bit awkward when you find yourself with someone and are out of ideas for getting the conversation going when you know little or nothing about them. Below hare 55 topics which may get the conversation started as well as getting to know the person.

Who had the biggest impact on you while you were growing up?
What are your hobbies?
If you could have dinner with any 3 people (dead or alive), who would they be and why?
What sorts of things make you laugh?
What is your biggest goal?
Do you have any pet peeves?
What do you like to do on the weekend?
Have you ever had a nickname? If so, what was the story behind ‘It’?
What was your favourite tv show while you were growing up?
What are your favourite tv shows now?
What are your favourite movies?
Tell me one thing that would surprise me about you.
What do you look for most in a boy/girl?
Tell me about what were you like as a kid.
What are some of the items on your bucket list?
Have you found your calling? If so, what is it?
Who has been the biggest influence in your life?
Do you now - or have you ever - had any pets? If so, tell me more about them.
Tell me about a challenge that you’ve had to overcome and how you overcame it.
If you could only listen to one song for the rest of your life, what would it be, and why?
If you could only eat one food for the rest of your life, what would it be, and why?
If you could only watch one tv show for the rest of your life, what would it be, and why?
If you could only watch one movie for the rest of your life, what would it be, and why?
Tell me about your favourite childhood memory and what made it so special to you.
What is your favourite commercial that you’ve ever seen and why?
If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would it be?
If you were stuck on a deserted island and you could only bring one thing, what would it be and why?
Who is your celebrity crush?
Who is your favourite music artist?
What is your favourite music genre?
What is your favourite Broadway musical?
What is your favourite cartoon?
What is your favourite musical album?
What is your favourite colour?
What would you do if you won a million dollars?
If you could have one superpower, what would it be?
What would be your superhero name?
What would be your dream vacation?
Which actor/actress would play you in a movie about your life?
Where did you grow up?
If you could be on any reality tv show, which one would it be?
If you could trade lives with anybody for a day, who would it be and why?
What’s your favourite book?
Who’s your favourite author?
Who is your favourite YouTuber?
What’s your favourite reality tv show?
What’s your favourite tv game show?
Which celebrity do you most admire and why?
What are some of your favourite childhood memories?
What countries have you travelled to?
What is your favourite drink?
What is your favourite restaurant?
Do you like to cook?
Do you have any hobbies? If so, what are they and what do you like about them?

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Windows 10: Remove '- Shortcut' From New Links

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 20 Nov 2017 16:02:56 +0000

Update 2018-02-07: Corrected the contents of the .reg file to enable import.

Update 2022-03-27: Added a cmd command.

In Windows, when you create a shortcut (*.lnk) it is usually namned using the convention %s - Shortcut.lnk where %s represents the name of the file or folder you created a folder of. I rather have the newly shortcut to be named simply %s.lnk.

This is very simple to do with a registry change.

Note: This requires changes in the registry and therefore requires administrator access.

Open Registry Editor
Navigate to:
```
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\NamingTemplates
```
Note: I did not have the key NamingTemplates. If this key is missing, create it.
Inside the NamingTemplates key, create a new string with the name ShortcutNameTemplate
Set the ShortcutNameTemplate string to value %s.lnk

The change should become active immediately.

If you wish to use a .reg file instead, paste the following into an empty .reg file and execute the file.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\NamingTemplates]
"ShortcutNameTemplate"="%s.lnk"

If you wish to run a cmd command, you can run the following:

REG ADD HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\NamingTemplates /v ShortcutNameTemplate /t REG_SZ /d "%s.lnk"

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GSM Codes

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 20 Nov 2017 15:03:01 +0000

I actively used GSM codes to set up call forwarding during the brief period I had two phones. Below you may find some useful codes. These can also be saved as contacts for quick access and use.

Code scheme

Most of the codes below follow the following pattern:

Check status: *#code#[SEND]¹
Activate: *code#[SEND]
Register and Activate: **code#[SEND]
Deactivate: #code#[SEND]
Deactivate and Unregister: ##code#[SEND]

Call diversion / forwarding

Forward all calls

Forwards all calls to the registered number. If set this overrides all other diversions. Note, your handset will not receive any calls while this forwarding is active.

Set: **21*destination#[SEND]²
Cancel: #21#[SEND]
Query: *#21#[SEND]

Forward if busy

Forward incoming calls if you are currently in a call or in the progress of making a call.

Set: **67*destination#[SEND]³
Cancel: #67#[SEND]
Query: *#67#[SEND]

No Answer

Forward incoming calls after ss seconds if the incoming call is not answered. Also known as missed call

Delay ss seconds: max 30 seconds, in 5 second increments

Set: **61*destination**ss#[SEND]⁴
Cancel: ##61#[SEND]
Query: *#61#[SEND]

Forward if unreachable

Forward calls when the handset is not connected to the network (i.e. off or out of coverage)

Set: **62*destination#[SEND]⁵
Cancel: #62#[SEND]
Query: *#62#[SEND]

Call waiting

With call waiting activated you can have multiple active calls. This also results in when you are in a call and another call arrives, the handset will start ringing rather than sending an engaged signal.

Activate: *43#[SEND]
Cancel: #43#[SEND]
Status: *#43#[SEND]

Caller ID

Show or hide your outgoing number to the receiving handset. Note, this may be overridden by your network provider.

Hide: #31#[SEND]
Show: *31#[SEND]
Query: *#31#[SEND]

SEND refers to the (usually) green “CALL” button ^[return]
Replace destination with the number you wish to set forwarding to. ^[return]
Replace destination with the number you wish to set forwarding to. ^[return]
Replace destination with the number you wish to set forwarding to. ^[return]
Replace destination with the number you wish to set forwarding to. ^[return]

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Windows 10: Edit With Notepad

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 07 Nov 2017 11:10:00 +0000

I like to be able to quickly open any of my files with Notepad, even though Notepad might not be associated with that specific extension. To enable this, I have added an entry in the Explorer Context Menu.

Note: This requires changes in the registry and therefore requires administrator access.

Open Registry Editor
Navigate to:
```
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell
```
Inside the shell key, create a new key with the name Edit with Notepad¹
Inside the Edit with Notepad key, create a new key with the name command.
Set the (Default) string to value notepad.exe %1

The change should become active immediately.

If you wish to use a .reg file instead, paste the following into an empty .reg file and execute the file.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Edit with Notepad\command]
@="notepad.exe %1"

Update 2018-02-07: Corrected the contents of the .reg file to enable import.

The name you set here for the key is the name that will be shown in the context menu. ^[return]

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Windows 10: Change Network Location

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 05 Nov 2017 16:10:54 +0000

I have recently been experimenting with VPN connections, and wish the firewall to behave like a private connection on the VPN. Most guides will tell you to open up the Network and Sharing centre and change from there. However, I am unable to click on the text Public and therefore had to search for another way.

Network and Sharing Centre

This requires the use of PowerShell (PS), either directly, or through the Command Prompt (CMD). As I am not a regular PS user I will be using CMD.

Start PS or CMD as an Administrator.
If in PS:
```
Get-NetConnectionProfile
```
If using cmd add powershell as a prefix.
```
powershell Get-NetConnectionProfile
```
Command Promt with listing of available network connections

The connection I wish to change has the Name: OSL 3 and InterfaceIndex: 38.
To set/change the NetworkCategory:
```
Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 38 -NetworkCategory Private
```
or in CMD
```
powershell Set-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceIndex 38 -NetworkCategory Private
```
Note: Make sure you select the correct InterfaceIndex

Command Promt with connection "OSL 3" changed to "Private"
The Network and Sharing Centre now shows this network location as private.

"OSL 3" now set to "Private"

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Nexus 10: Boot When Charging

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 18 Oct 2017 09:52:38 +0100

I have an (now old) Nexus 10 tablet which I use as a photo frame. The screen on the N10 is really nice and bright, hence this works out quite nicely. Also, having the high resolution certainly helps.

One thing I have not managed to do for a long time is to disable the charging screen that shows when you connected the device to a charger. Today I found it is very easy.

Note: I am running the latest official build LMY49J (5.1.1), rooted and with Xposed framework.

All commands are to be carried out in bootloader mode (fastboot mode).

Auto boot on charge:

fastboot oem off-mode-charge 0

Restore default (charge screen while off and charging)

fastboot oem off-mode-charge 1

Links

GSM Arena - Samsung Google Nexus 10 P8110 Android Developers - SDK Platform Tools Android Developers - Google USB Driver

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Firefox: Add Feedly as RSS Handler

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 10 Oct 2017 11:00:18 +0100

My current configuration of web browser and RSS reader is Firefox¹ and Feedly. When I visit a website which I wish to follow and the website offers RSS feed, I like to add the RSS feed to Feedly for easy follow-up/reading. However, when I click the RSS button in Firefox, as a standard there is no option to add the site to Feedly.

For example; homepage and rss page.

Despair not, there is a quite an easy way.

Open the web address: about:config
Search for contentHandlers

You should find a list with Preference Name which should contain multiple sets of items like:

browser.contentHandlers.types.0.title
browser.contentHandlers.types.0.type
browser.contentHandlers.types.0.uri
browser.contentHandlers.types.1.title
browser.contentHandlers.types.1.type
browser.contentHandlers.types.1.uri

In my Firefox version 56 I have 6 of these sets available (#0 - #5)

Choose one of the sets which is either empty or unused, i.e. has the following values:

title: chrome://browser-region/locale/region.properties
type:  application/vnd.mozilla.maybe.feed
uri:   chrome://browser-region/locale/region.properties

Change to:

title: Feedly
type:  application/vnd.mozilla.maybe.feed
uri:   http://cloud.feedly.com/#subscription/feed/%s

I chose to change set #1, thus my final result looks like this:

browser.contentHandlers.types.1.title   Feedly
browser.contentHandlers.types.1.type    application/vnd.mozilla.maybe.feed
browser.contentHandlers.types.1.uri     http://cloud.feedly.com/#subscription/feed/%s

Restart Firefox
Visit a RSS page
In the top where it says Subscribe to this feed using Live Bookmarks you may select the dropdown and the option Feedly should be available.
Press the button Subscribe Now

Windows 10: RDP to Local User

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 09 Oct 2017 15:01:15 +0100

Say you use multiple users on your local client, but find switching user back and forth between them cumbersome. One option then is to use Remote Desktop (RDP). Unfortunately, it is not completely straight forward to connect to your own machine.

Windows Remote Desktop Connection dialog (mstsc)

Unable to connect to local client

Of course, where there is a problem (and I’m writing about it) there exists a solution. The solution this time is called RDP Wrapper Library.

Start by downloading and extracting the library from the RDP Wrapper Releases page. (See links below for a local copy.)
In the folder you should find the following files:
- RDPCheck.exe
- RDPConf.exe
- RDPWInst.exe
- install.bat
- uninstall.bat
- update.bat
Run install.bat
A UAC prompt may request administrator access.
Wait until the installation is successfully completed.

Installing the wrapper library
Upon completion run RDPConfig.exe.
Another UAC prompt may request administrator access.
Tick Enable Remote Desktop and press Apply.
The configuration screen should be like the picture below:

The wrapper configuration
```
Wrapper state: Installed
Service State: Running
Listener state: Listening
```
Press OK to close
Upon completion run RDPCheck.exe to verify.
Another UAC prompt may request administrator access.
A remote desktop prompt will show, press Connect.

Checking the connection
If the library was successfully installed a window should pop up with a login screen to your local client requesting password.

Logon screen on the local client
Let us now try to connect to localhost again using Windows Remote Desktop Connection.

RDP logon screen
But we get the same error as above?

Unable to connect, again
AS far as I have been able to understand, there is a limitation in Windows Remote Desktop Connection program which disallows connection to either localhost or the loopback address 127.0.0.1.
There is fortunately a simple workaround; connect to the server 127.0.0.2

RDP Logon screen, server address 127.0.0.2

Links

Github - RDP Wrapper Library by Stas’M Github - RDP Wrapper Releases Local Mirror - RDP Wrapper 1.6.1 (PW: 12345678)

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Hidden Keyboard Shortcuts on Surface Pro Type Cover

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 27 Sep 2017 16:19:55 +0100

I have been using the Surface Pro Type Cover for a while now and realised there is no real compilation of hidden key combinations. Here are the ones I have found, a summary of all may be found below

Function Lock

If you are anything like me when it comes to using a keyboard, you know the usefulness of the function (F1-F12) keys. When you first connect the Type Cover to the Surface you will note that keys on the top do not function as F-keys but rather as multimedia keys with the following functions:

Decrease keyboard brightness
Increase keyboard brightness
Mute volume
Play/Pause media
[Windows Charms] Search
[Windows Charms] Share
[Windows Charms] Connect
[Windows Charms] Settings
Home
End
Page Up
Page Down

You can always press the Fn+F1 to get a F1 input (not really hidden), but would it not be easier to just press the F1 key? To get the Fn lock using the hidden combination, press Fn+CapsLock, easy as that.

Display Brightness

I also dislike (ok, ok…, I’m lazy) to go through the action centre to be able change the brightness level. There are combinations for this as well.

To increase the brightness of the display, press Fn+Del (Del should be the top right key). To decrease the brightness of the display, press Fn+Backspace (Quite convenient, as Backspace is just below Del).

Compilation Summary

Fn Lock:
- Fn+CapsLock
Display Brightness:
- Increase: Fn+Del
- Decrease: Fn+Backspace
Navigation:
- Page Up: Fn+UpArrow
- Page Down: Fn+DownArrow
- Home: Fn+LeftArrow
- End: Fn+RightArrow

Links

Surface Pro Type Cover

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Windows 10: Connecting to Eduroam

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 22 Sep 2017 17:50:34 +0100

I have always had difficulties remembering how to configure the Eduroam Wi-Fi network on a windows device (Android or Windows Phone is very easy.) Below is a guide detailing how using picture. Note this is essentially the same content as the guide provided by Uppsala University.

Note: This guide presumes you are using Windows 10, if you are using Windows 7 or Windows 8 the steps are similar, apart from getting to Network and Sharing Centre (Steps 1 - 3). The very last step (step 19) might also differ.

Open settings (Win+I)
Press Network & Internet
Under the Status tab, scroll down and press Network and Sharing Centre
Press Set up a new connection or network
Choose Manually connect to a wireless network and press Next

Enter/Select the following:

Network name:  eduroam
Security type:  WPA2-Enterprise
Start this connection automatically:  Yes
Connect even if the network is not broadcasting:  No

Press Next
Press Change connection settings
Change to the Security tab
Under Choose a network authentication method select Microsoft: Protected EAP (PEAP) and press Settings
Select Verify the server’s identity by validating the certificate

Enter/Select the following:

Connect to these servers:  Yes
Server name (for Uppsala University):  radiusauth.uu.se
Trusted Root Certification Authorities:  DigiCert Assured ID Root CA
Select Authentication Method: Secured Password (EAP-MSCHAP v2)
Enable Fast Reconnect:  No

Press Configure…

De-select Automatically use my windows log-on name and password (and domain if any). and press OK)
Press OK
Press Advanced settings
Select Specify authentication mode
Select User authentication and press Save credentials

A popup will show requiring entrance of credentials, enter following:

Username: Your UU username (aabb1122) followed by @user.uu.se
Password: Your UU password B (Lösenord B)

Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press Close
For me the device automatically connected to the network at this point. If your device does not do this, press the network icon in the task tray (usually bottom right). Select eduroam and Connect automatically. Lastly press Connect
Congratulations, you should now be connected to the eduroam network

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Fn Lock Wedge Keyboard

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 11 Aug 2017 18:45:40 +0200

I am using the Microsoft Wedge Mobile Keyboard on a Windows 10 tablet, and this keyboard has one not so nice feature.

The Microsoft Wedge Mobile Keyboard

The top row of the keybaord has shared multimedia keys and function keys. The default however is the multimedia keys. For me who uses the function ‘F’ keys a lot (e.g. Alt + F4, F2, F3, F11), which makes it quite frustrating when i am trying to rename a file i am insttead muting the volume.

On many laptops and other bluetooth keyboards there often is a Fn Lock function, but not on the Wedge, the solution to this is called AutoHotkey. Using this utility i have mapped the reverse functions. In other words when i press Mute, the utility translates this to F2 and vice verca; when i press F2, the utility translates this press to Mute.

Media_Play_Pause::F1
Volume_Mute::F2
Volume_Down::F3
Volume_Up::F4
<+#F21::F5
<!<#F21::F6
<^<#F21::F7
<#F21::F8
PrintScreen::F9
Home::F10
End::F11
PgUp::F12
F1::Media_Play_Pause
F2::Volume_Mute
F3::Volume_Down
F4::Volume_Up
F5::#r
F6::<!<#F21
F7::<^<#F21
F8::<#F21
F9::PrintScreen
F10::Home
F11::End
F12::PgUp

Charms keys

This keyboard was designed for Windows 8 and therefore includes the 4 Windows 8 Charms keys:

Search
Share
Devices
Settings

The Settings remains the same on Windows 10, however, none of the other three have a function. This opens a possiblity for reassigning for arbitrary functions.

My first re-assignment is the search key. I have assigned this to Win + R.

Links

Microsoft Wedge Mobile Keyboard
AutoHotkey

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Windows 10: Disk Cleanup

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Wed, 09 Aug 2017 17:20:45 +0200

I recently noticed that my System disk was full of temporary files.

The easiest way to clean up temporary (and other non-essential files) is to use the utility Disk Clean-Up for Win10 which comes with Windows 10.

To start the utility open start menu and search for “Disk”. The Disk Clean-up utility should be one of the top results.

Searching for the utility
A drive selection window will pop up. Select the appropriate drive, e.g. C:.

Drive selection window
Wait while the system works to identify which files may be removed.
Note: This may take quite some time depending on your hardware and software configuration.

System identifying possible files to remove
The full utility windows shows up, here you may select which items you wish to clean / remove.

The Disk Clean-up utility

All the available items which may be removed
If you wish to remove system files¹ such as Windows upgrade log files or Temporary Windows installation files you need to select the button marked Clean up system files.

Press the button to access more options
The drive selection window will appear again.

Drive selection window, a second time
The system will have to re-identify which files may be removed.

System identifying possible files to remove
Once all removable files have been identified, the utility window will then re-appear.

The Disk Clean-up utility

All the available items which may be removed, including system files
To initiate clean-up, press the button OK
A verification will pop-up if you are sure about your selection of file to remove. If you are, select Delete Files.

Verification to delete selected files
The system will then start to clean up files.
Note: This may take quite some time depending on your hardware and software configuration.

The Disk Clean-up utility removing files
The progression dialog will disappear when the clean-up is complete.

Requires administrator privileges. ^[return]

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Opera: search engines

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 06 Aug 2017 12:42:18 +0200

I recently re-installed my Windows installation. Most of my Opera profiled remained intact as I took a backup. One thing however which was reset was my configurations for search engines.

The developers behind Opera has decided that the user may add custom search engines, but may not assign them as the default search engine. There is also no user-friendly way to remove any of the default search engines.

Below I will show how to add a new custom search engine and how to remove the default search engines¹.

Add a new search engine

Say I like YouTube a lot and wish to use YouTube as a custom search engine, for this I would do the following:

Open Opera Settings [Alt + P]
Navigate to the Browser section and then select: Manage search engines...

Opera: Browser section in settings
Next step is to press the Add new search button
The I fill in:
- Name: YouTube
- Keyword: y
- Address:
```
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%s
```
  Error when adding a new search engine

As can bee seen in the picture above I get the error Keyword must be unique. The reason behind this is that Yahoo! already occupies this keyword.

The default search engines

Remove default search engines²

To rectify this, we need to remove all default search engines I do not use. I only use Google, so the following can be removed:

Yahoo!
DuckDuckGo
Amazon
Bing
Wikipedia

To remove them I need to do the following.

Open about opera to find you installation path
```
opera://about
```
Installation Path
My installation path is:
```
C:\Program Files (x86)\Opera
```
Close Opera
Open the installation folder in explorer
Navigate to [Version Number]\resources
Locate the file default_partner_content.json
Make a backup copy of this file.
Open the file in a text editor³.

The contents of the file will look something like this:

{
"version":33,
"search_engines": {
"location": {
  "at": {
    "other": {
      "list": [
        "google_at",
        "yahoo",
        "duckduckgo",
        "amazon",
        "bing",
        "wiki_de"
      ],
      "speed_dial_index_list": [0]
    }
  },

Look up your location, for me it was gb

Remove all lines referencing the engines you want to remove. I only want Google to remain, my part of gb the looks like this:

        "wiki_fr"
      ],
      "speed_dial_index_list": [0]
    }
  },
  "gb": {
    "other": {
      "list": [
        "google_uk",
      ],
      "speed_dial_index_list": [0]
    }
  },
  "gr": {
    "other": {
      "list": [
        "google_gr",

Save file
Start Opera

Only Google remain

Legacy of Windows Phone 8

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 05 Aug 2017 13:41:39 +0200

The truth about life with a smartphone.

For the longest time, I have felt my addiction to a mobile device growing larger, I use my smartphone daily in. Mostly it is to read news, communicate via IM, communicate (not so much but a little) via SMS, make call, do mobile banking etc. This list could go on forever, but how did we get here? Smartphone today is a computer with a smaller formfactor which can carry out many tasks.

Which of these tasks/functionalities are “must have” and which are “nice to have”?

One screen breaks down, one still left

Two weeks ago, while travelling, the screen (the OLED) on my daily mobile device, a YotaPhone 2, stopped working. Since the YotaPhone 2 has two screens, one on the front and one on the back, I still had one screen available for the remainder of my trip, although somewhat limited.

Yotaphone 2

Getting back home I switched back to my previous phone, a Doogee X5 Max Pro. The switch from YotaPhone 2 to X5 Max Pro was somewhat uncomfortable. I couldn’t really get use the physical form factor of the phone, even though both phones are quite similar in physical size. The difference is that the X5 Max Pro weighs more, which I suppose makes a noticeable difference.

Reviving memories

Last weekend, going through some of my old stuff I stumbled upon my old Lumia 530. I bought this device to try out Windows Phone 8 back in 2015, but it had not been used for about 2 years. Last time I used this device is was jumping around on different mobile OS, coming from Android at that time, I tested out Windows Phone 8 for a while as my daily device before moving on the next OS. As my test at that time quite successful as in I managed to use this device for about 2 months before switching back, I then decided this was a perfect time to try out if I could once again switch OS to Windows Phone.

Nokia Lumia 530

I tried turning it on, to my surprise the screen lights up and the OS boots up. Apparently, there was still some charge in the battery after all this time. Everything was (as expected) as when I shut of the device last time (not that I really remember).

The (un-)pleasant surprise of legacy

First things first, when starting up and old device I always make sure to update all apps. Even though there is a risk of breaking an app by updating, I have only encountered this select times. A couple of apps are updated, and everything seems fine.

Then I started up few of my usual apps and… some of them work ok, but on a few I was unable to get them working…

Messaging

On Android, I use the following messaging applications:

In addition to the abovementioned I use Skype on PC.

SMS / Messaging

SMS is supported natively using the Messaging app. The live tile for the messaging app shows the number of unread messages. One trivia is that the icon for tile changes depending on number of unread messages.

Messaging: No unread messages

Messaging: 1 unread message

Messaging: 4 unread messages

Hangouts

Google never had an app available for WP, so this is a lost cause to begin with.

WhatsApp is still supported, with full functionality such as:

Calling
Group Chats
Web access
Encryption

Facebook

The Facebook messenger is one of the apps which has dropped support.

Skype

Skype is currently owned by Microsoft. Windows Phone is developed by Microsoft. I would expect that Skype would be one app that is still supported, but alas this is not the case.

Skype: All Looks well upon start-up of the app

Skype: Application is signing in.

Skype: Unable to sign in

Turns out Skype recently dropped support for WP8.1.

Solution?

So, what is the solution for me with unsupported apps? (In practice, not so) simple, I defer communication until I am computer. If I need to communicate while on the move, there is still good old calling, as well as SMS.

Banking

The central authentication for banking in Sweden is BankID, there are Windows version of the program (known as BankID) as well as mobile version (known as Mobil BankID) available for multiple OS such as Android and WP.

Want to do some online banking? Well, BankID is required. Want to do your taxes? Again, BankID is required. Want to report address change? Once again, BankID is required.

Sometime during 2017, the support for BankID on WP got dropped along the way. No error message is shown, just a “connection failed”.

Mobil BankID: 'Connection Failed'

Not being able to do any of my banking on the mobile is probably the biggest drawback for me.

Solution?

Same as with messaging, any banking will have to wait until I get to the computer.

A Mathematician, A Physicist and an Engineer...

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 01 Jul 2017 15:07:58 +0200

I was browsing a while back when I stumbled upon the following jokes.

Fire

An engineer is working at his desk in his office. His cigarette falls off the desk into the wastebasket, causing the papers within to burst into flames. The engineer looks around, sees a fire extinguisher, grabs it, puts out the flames, and goes back to work.

A physicist is working at his desk in another office and the same thing happens. He looks at the fire, looks at the fire extinguisher, and thinks “Fire requires fuel plus oxygen plus heat. The fire extinguisher will remove both the oxygen and the heat in the wastebasket. Ergo, no fire.” He grabs the extinguisher, puts out the flames, and goes back to work.

A mathematician is working at his desk in another office and the same thing happens. He looks at the fire, looks at the fire extinguisher, and thinks for a minute, says “Ah! A solution exists!” and goes back to work.

Woman in a bar

A mathematician and an engineer are sitting at a table drinking when a very beautiful woman walks in and sits down at the bar.

The mathematician sighs. “I’d like to talk to her, but first I have to cover half the distance between where we are and where she is, then half of the distance that remains, then half of that distance, and so on. The series is infinite. There’ll always be some finite distance between us.”

The engineer gets up and starts walking. “Ah, well, I figure I can get close enough for all practical purposes.”

Prime numbers

A mathematician, physicist, and engineer are taking a math test. One question asks “Are all odd numbers prime?”

The mathematician thinks, “3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is not prime – nope, not all odd numbers are prime.”

The physicist thinks, “ 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is not prime – that could be experimental error – 11 is prime, 13 is prime, yes, they’re all prime.”

The engineer thinks, “ 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is prime, 11 is prime, …”

Sheep in Scotland

A mathematician, a physicist, and an engineer are riding a train through Scotland.

The engineer looks out the window, sees a black sheep, and exclaims, “Hey! They’ve got black sheep in Scotland!”

The physicist looks out the window and corrects the engineer, “Strictly speaking, all we know is that there’s at least one black sheep in Scotland.”

The mathematician looks out the window and corrects the physicist, “ Strictly speaking, all we know is that is that at least one side of one sheep is black in Scotland.”

Hunting

A physicist, engineer and a statistician are out hunting. Suddenly, a deer appears 50 yards away.

The physicist does some basic ballistic calculations, assuming a vacuum, lifts his rifle to a specific angle, and shoots. The bullet lands 5 yards short.

The engineer adds a fudge factor for air resistance, lifts his rifle slightly higher, and shoots. The bullet lands 5 yards long.

The statistician yells “We got him!”

At the races

A Statistician, Engineer and Physicist go to the horse track. Each have their system for betting on the winner and they’re sure of it.

After the race is over, the Statistician wanders into the nearby bar, defeated. He notices the Engineer, sits down next to him, and begins lamenting: “I don’t understand it. I tabulated the recent performance of all these horses, cross-referenced them with trends for others of their breed, considered seasonal variability, everything. I couldn’t have lost.”

“Yeah,” says the Engineer, “well, forget that. I ran simulations based on their weight, mechanical ratios, performance models, everything, and I’m no better off.”

Suddenly, they notice a commotion in the corner. The Physicist is sitting there, buying rounds and counting his winnings. The Engineer and Statistician decide they’ve got to know, so they shuffle over and ask him, “what’s your secret, how’d you do it?”

The Physicist leans back, takes a deep breath, and begins, “Well, first I assumed all the horses were spherical and identical…”

Red rubber ball

A mathematician, a physicist, and an engineer are given the task of finding how high a particular red rubber ball will bounce when dropped from a given height onto a given surface.

The mathematician derives the elasticity of the ball from its chemical makeup, derives the equations to determine how high it will bounce and calculates it.

The physicist takes the ball into the lab, measures its elasticity, and plugs the variables into a formula.

The engineer looks it up in his red rubber ball book.

Point of View

A physicist, a biologist and a mathematician sit in a sidewalk cafe, looking at the building across the road. Two people go into the building, then three people come out.

Physicist: “This must be a measuring error!”

Biologist: “This is proof of procreation!”

Mathematician: “If one more person goes into the building, it will be empty!”

Theorem

There was a mad scientist who kidnapped three colleagues, an engineer, a physicist, and a mathematician, and locked each of them in seperate cells with plenty of canned food and water but no can opener.

A month later, returning, the mad scientist went to the engineer’s cell and found it long empty. The engineer had constructed a can opener from pocket trash, used aluminum shavings and dried sugar to make an explosive, and escaped.

The physicist had worked out the angle necessary to knock the lids off the tin cans by throwing them against the wall. She was developing a good pitching arm and a new quantum theory.

The mathematician had stacked the unopened cans into a surprising solution to the kissing problem; his dessicated corpse was propped calmly against a wall, and this was inscribed on the floor in blood:
Theorem: If I can't open these cans, I'll die.
Proof:   assume the opposite...

Fence

An engineer, a physicist and a mathematicians have to build a fence around a flock of sheep, using as little material as possible.

The engineer forms the flock into a circular shape and constructs a fence around it.

The physicist builds a fence with an infinite diameter and pulls it together until it fits around the flock.

The mathematicians thinks for a while, then builds a fence around himself and defines himself as being outside.

A scientific metajoke

An engineer, a physicist and a mathematician find themselves in an anecdote, indeed an anecdote quite similar to many that you have no doubt already heard.

After some observations and rough calculations the engineer realizes the situation and starts laughing.

A few minutes later the physicist understands too and chuckles to himself happily as he now has enough experimental evidence to publish a paper.

This leaves the mathematician somewhat perplexed, as he had observed right away that he was the subject of an anecdote, and deduced quite rapidly the presence of humour from similar anecdotes, but considers this anecdote to be too trivial a corollary to be significant, let alone funny.

Source | via

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New site... again

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 27 Jun 2017 21:29:33 +0200

Beginning of last year, I was planning to revive this blog, and I managed fully two posts before I stopped writing.

I am giving this a new try. My goal (let’s see how well it goes) is to document my projects along the way. Let’s get started then.

This time I have changed from WordPress to a “Static Site Generator”, Hugo. This means that this full site is made up with HTML pages. This might sound normal, as all pages on the web (maybe not all, but most) are HTML pages rendered by a web browser.

The difference is (compared to e.g. WordPress) is that a static site requires much less of the webserver, the only thing the server needs to do is serve files; no computation, databases or other special performance required.

The theme used is Minimo, with a few tweaks to suit my application.

Links

Hugo :: A fast and modern static website engine
Minimo - A minimalist theme for Hugo

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Ludvika: Midsommer Celebration 2017

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 23 Jun 2017 22:57:58 +0200

Gallery from Midsommer Celebration 2017 Photos taken by Arnav Jain

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Uppsala: KHLG Årsmöte

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 03 Jun 2017 00:00:10 +0200

Gallery from KHLG Årsmöte 2017 Photos taken by Arnav Jain

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Uppsala: Walpurgis

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 30 Apr 2017 00:02:37 +0200

Gallery from Walpurgis 2017. Photos taken by Arnav Jain.

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Uppsala: Christmas Gasque

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sat, 03 Dec 2016 00:03:59 +0200

Gallery from Christmas Gasque Photos taken by Arnav Jain.

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Twilight of Stockholm

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 17 Jan 2016 17:24:00 +0100

Just before new years I was in Stockholm. One evening when I decided to bring my camera with me when going on a walk.

Twilight of Stockholm

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Refresh Time

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 11 Jan 2016 22:02:00 +0100

Turns out i have not been very good with posting on this blog. The last post i made was in 2013, recently after me buying my FZ200, when i still lived in Västerås.

The Taj

About half an year ago i unfortunately lost that camera, and decided to venture from the bridge type cameras to mirrorless and bought one Olympus OM-D E-M10 which i have been using since. I will do my very best to make sure that i upload frequently, wether my upload is a fresh photo or a photo from the archive.

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New Focus

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 18 Apr 2013 21:18:31 +0200

So a month ago I bough a bridge camera, a Panasonic FZ200, which is a big improvement over my previous point and shoot Sony TX-5.

Now for a while at least the focus of this blog will be at photography, on what I am able to achieve.

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Apps compatibility on Nexus 10

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Sun, 24 Feb 2013 22:03:23 +0100

So a few months ago I bought my Google Nexus 10, and since then I tried out quite many apps. There are lots of apps to the Android platform which can be run on the Nexus 10, but not all are visually compatible.

Here are some examples of apps that are compatible, and some that are not.

Compatible apps:

Browser

AOSP Browser

Unfortunatly Google decided to move away from the AOSP browser on to the Chrome browser as the default, but it’s available to download on the internet.

Calendar

Month view

Calendar in Month mode

Calendar works really well on the large screen.
As seen on the left are the week numbers.
For each event you see the event name, time and which calendar the event belongs to.

Week view

Calendar in Week mode

Calendar in week mode is my preferred view.

Contacts

Landscape

Contacts in Landscape mode

Contacts looks much nicer in landscape.

Portrait

Contacts in Portrait mode

The People apps or the Contacts app as it used to be called earlier, wokes in portrait but is designed for landskape on tablets.

Skype

The Skype application uses a Landscape mode, optimized for tablets, the same .apk file has the portrait mode for handsets.

Android Market / Google Play Store

Portrait

Market in Portrait mode

Google Play store is designed to be used in portrait mode.

Landscape

Market in Landscape mode

Google Play Store works really well in Landscape as well.

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There shoud be some limits

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Tue, 12 Feb 2013 08:55:10 +0100

I was reading the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter where I read that a teacher is being charged with assault for for giving a 7 year old a slap.

I agree that you shouldn’t hit children, but there might be a few exceptions as I consider there to be in this case. The kid had spat the teacher in the face, and the teacher had reacted without thinking.

This means that no matter what you do to a teacher, no matter how little you respect them, the teacher can do nothing than to just stand there. This I believe just leads to kids today just respecting their teachers even less, which really isn’t good for a good schooling.

Link to the newspage:
Swedish | Google Translated to English

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BetterBatteryStats

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 22:19:58 +0100

So I’ve been using this app BetterBatteryStats which was published at the XDA-Developers forums. The main function for this app is to show the user how long each app has been keeping a wakelock on the device.

Wakelocks or to be more precise partial wakelocks is a pattern (in fast a class) than helps devs to make sure that important pieces of their code do not get interrupted.

Basically the phone has (simplified, kernel devs don’t shoot) three states:
1.awake with screen on
2.awake
3.sleeping (that’s you phone favorite state) -chamonix

When staring up the app you come to processes screen

The Process Screen

On this screen you can see how much time each process have been using the CPU. Since this not the purpose of the post we’ll skip this part.

The Options Screen

Here we can see the different options. The one that’s most useful is the Partial Wakelocks. But just for the sake of it I’ll quickly go through both of the others as well.

The Other Screen

The Kernel Wakelocks Screen

In the other screen you can see different statistics of various states, as how long wifi/bluetooth/screen has been on. This is very much like the “Battery History” option in the “Test menu” och Android 2.2 or lower.

The “Kernel Wakelock” shows you what has been keeping the phone awake, as in my case I have had some application not letting my phone sleep for 3 hours and 16 minutes, and my BLN (Back Light Notification) has been active for 56 minutes.

Now to the main subject of this topic, the “Partial Wakelocks” screen.

The Partial Wakelocks Screen

This screen shows what application is being unkind to the battery and not letting the phone sleep.

This screen shows the application i descending order of time keeping a partial wakelock. In my case I have a app, Netcounter, which doesn’t always like to behave, now it has been keeping my phone awake for 3 hours and 33 minutes. which should be about a third of the time my phone was not in sleep. This percentage is also shown in the red progress bar.

So now you know how to check for the applications that don’t let your phone sleep.

BetterBatteryStats | Android Market [APP] BetterBatteryStats adds battery history back to Gingerbread | XDA Developers

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The best entertainment of 2011

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:54:01 +0100

In the recent year I have been following two sites where they have jokes, fun facts, etc. These are a few of my favorites of 2011.

From Grouchy Rabbit

Definitions: Calculus (noun) – When letters have a midlife crisis and decide to be numbers.

Realized:

Sleep + social life = bad grades. Good grades + sleep = no social life. Good grades + social life = no sleep.

When a house burns up, it also burns down.

There are four stages in life: You believe in Santa Claus. You don’t believe in Santa Claus. You are Santa Claus. You look like Santa Claus.

From Dear Blank, Please Blank

Dear Voldemort,

So you have a diary, necklace, ring, tiara, and an obsession with a famous teenage boy?

Sincerely, you’re a teenage girl, not a dark lord.

Dear world,

How come when people get followed on twitter they get excited, but in real life when someone gets followed it’s creepy.

Sincerely, trying to understand.

Dear racist white people,

When I was born I was black, when I grew up I was black, when I’m sick I’m black, when I go out in the sun I’m black, when I’m cold I’ll be black, and when I die I’ll be black.

But you, when you where born you were pink, when you grew up you were white, when you’re sick you’re green, when you go out in the sun you turn red, when you’re cold you turn blue, and when you die you’ll turn purple.

And you have the nerve to call me colored?

Sincerely, black people.

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Some Pictures

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 18:03:50 +0100

I went out on a walk last week just the morning after the first snow fell and took some pictures.

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New on WordPress

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 15:42:49 +0100

So I finally decided that this site should be updated a bit more than I have done this year, so I’ll give it a try in Wordpress.

My goal this time will probably be to publish some random bits about my life and how you could make yours a bit easier.

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Contact

arnav@jain.se (Arnav Jain) — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Thank you for contacting me! I will get back to you as soon as possible.

Keep on browsing and have a nice day.

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Arnav Jain | The whimsical thoughts of a simple being.

Firefox - Tips and Tricks

Custom search engines

Container Tabs

Desktop Notifications

Hardware media keys

Open bookmarks in new tab by default

Overscroll gesture for navigation

Saving link by ALT+Click

Spelling and Grammar check

Windows taskbar icons for profiles

Git - Tips and Tricks

Clone repository including submodules

Download submodules manually

Add git username/email to a specific project

Line Endings when using WSL

Installing PycURL on Windows (2025 version)

BalenaOS - Changing Hostname

Editing config.json on SD card

Changing hostname using Cloud API

Editing config.json on the device

Rclone: Connect to shared OneDrive Folders

Disable Navigation Pill in Samsung One UI 6.1

UI Toggle

Tasker

Excel - Tips and Tricks

Concatenation

Text

Arrays

Dynamic array formulas

Filtering data

Sorting

Remove Duplicates

Generating numbers

Random numbers

Sequential numbers

Formula Variables

Remote Desktop User Without Password

Microsoft PowerToys

Color Picker

File Locksmith

Mouse Utilities

Find My Mouse

Mouse Highlighter

Mouse Pointer Crosshairs

Image Resizer

Paste As Plain Text

Peek

PowerRename

Screen Ruler

Text Extractor

ALT Code for Windows

Installing Windows Subsystem for Android on Windows 11

Installing Windows Subsystem for Android

Installing Amazon Appstore

Office Keyboard Key

Other shortcuts

Fixing bad owner or permissions on SSH config file

Bad permission

Bad owner

XnView - Tips and Tricks

Interface

Keyboard Shortcuts [Tab]

Browser → File List

File list [Tab]

Browser → Metadata

ITPC and XMP [Tab]

Sidecar [Tab]

Labels [Tab]

View

Info [Tab]

Integration

Integration [Tab]

Paths [Tab]

Companion/Sidecar Files

Enable companion files

Set JPG file as master

Custom Toolbars

Adding context menu with icon

Exposing SSH Using Cloudflare Tunnel

Editing `config.json` on SD card

Editing `config.json` on the device

Setting up ssh `config` file